Voltaire and Pope

Use of Reason to Support Polarized Viewpoints During the Enlightenment great thinkers began to question all things. Rather than just believe in something because an authority (church, political authority, society) claimed it to be true, these men and women set out to find the truth through reason, to provide explanations for all actions and events. Both Alexander Pope and Voltaire discuss some of the more common questions posed during the Enlightenment: What is the nature of humanity and what is our role in the greater picture of the universe?Pope argues that everything in the universe, whether it is good or evil, is essentially perfect because is a part of God’s grand plan. In essence, Pope believed in pre-determined fate, where no matter our actions, our fate remains the same as it was decided upon before you were born. Voltaire will critique this viewpoint by exploring the negative results of the belief that blind faith will lead to the best possible result and that man doe s exercise free will.While Pope’s â€Å"Essay on Man† and Voltaire’s Candide are derived from polarized viewpoints and speak about a very different set of beliefs, they both use the same fundamental concept of reason to provide the basis of their argument. Alexander Pope set out to write his â€Å"Essay on Man† to use reason to justify his viewpoints of optimism, predetermined fate, and God’s use of both good and evil for balance in the universe.Pope begins the essay by claiming that man can only reason about things in which he has experience with and goes on to illustrate that our limited knowledge is not capable of understanding God’s systems by questioning, â€Å"What can we reason, but from what we know? † (17) He uses the reason that since man can only understand what is within the scope of his knowledge that he cannot expect to comprehend the greater systems that God knows intimately. Pope also believes deeply of in the Great Ch ain of Being and it is the foundation on which his arguments rest.This chain is a concept derived from the classical period and is a notion that all elements of the universe have a proper place in a divinely planned hierarchical order, which was pictured as a vertically extended chain (Renaissance). In its most simplistic form God would be at the top of the chain, man would be directly beneath it, and all other beings that existed would be beneath man. In the 2nd section of the essay, Pope begins by mocking men who do not know their own limits within the universe. He exclaims, â€Å"Presumptuous Man!The reason wouldst though find, / Why formed so weak, so little, and so blind? † (Pope 35-36) He goes on to say that man is not created in a perfect state and that all men have limitations by nature. He continues with the claim â€Å"say not Man’s imperfect, Heaven in fault; / Say rather, Man’s as perfect as he ought: / His knowledge measured to his state and place; / His time a moment, and a point his space† (69-72). Pope is reasoning that the limitations and imperfections in man are necessary for man’s place beneath God in the universe and the Great Chain of Being.Section III begins with Pope stating that God keeps the future fate of all creatures from them in order to protect them; that all beings are blessed to only be dealing with their present state. He reasons this by questioning if the lamb would happily †lick the hand just raised to shed his blood† (Pope 84). This symbolizes the predetermined fate that is made from God regardless of our actions and that only God is capable of knowing what the future has in store for all of the universe.In Section V, Pope reasons that God and nature have greater powers than man by speaking about the terrible effects that natural disasters, such as earthquakes, have with little resistance from man, â€Å"But All subsists by elemental strife; / And Passions are the elements of L ife. / The general Order, since the whole began, / Is kept in Nature, and is kept in Man† (169-172). He is speaking of these horrific and evil events as being a part of God’s almighty cause, that evil is always balanced by good.Pope concludes the first epistle of â€Å"An Essay on Man† with the thought that all that is within in the world is the way it should be as a result of God’s plan: All Nature is but Art, unkown to thee; All Chance, Direction, which thou canst not see; All Discord, Harmony not understood; All partial Evil, universal Good: And, spite of Pride, in erring Reason’s spite, One Truth is clear, WHATEVER is, IS RIGHT. (289-294) This belief that all that is is the best there is and that man has no control over his own destiny is a central component to the philosophical view of optimism.With an â€Å"Essay on Man† Pope uses reason to explain man’s role in the Great Chain of Being and that there is predetermined fate establ ished by God. While â€Å"An Essay on Man† is a poetic verse which uses reason to justify the viewpoints of optimism, predetermined fate, and God’s use of both good and evil for balance, Voltaire’s Candide is a satirical critique of the essay, while using reason to argue against the belief system of optimism.In Candide, the main character is raised in a home with a tutor name Pangloss who teaches Candide that â€Å"things cannot be otherwise than they are, for since everything is made to serve an end, everything necessarily serves the best end† (Voltaire 356). Voltaire is using the character of Pangloss and his teachings to symbolize Alexander Pope and is mocking Pope’s beliefs as the novel continues. Through Candide’s story, Voltaire will provide the evidence that disproves the belief that all that is, is right.The first of many terrible experiences that Candide goes through is when he is kicked out of the Baron’s castle for being ca ught kissing the Baron’s daughter Cunegonde. Upon being kicked out, a hungry, homeless, and broke Candide finds himself at a tavern where he is offered money and a drink from two strangers. Candide naively thinks back to Pangloss and that everything is for the best, that this is his fate, but is quickly transported into a cruel and violent military life where he is forced to endure physical hardships.Here Voltaire shows that the military’s giving of money to Candide was irrationally thought to be for the better, while it was really a ploy to capture Candide into being a soldier where he witnesses cruelty, violence, and evil – all reasonable evidence against Pangloss teachings. These horrible events are not fate or God’s balancing act, but this is the beginning of Candide’s witness to man doing evil to another man with no greater good in sight.Pangloss attempts to reason that catching syphilis is a part of the best of worlds by claiming that â€Å" if Columbus had not caught, on an American island, this sickness †¦ we should have neither chocolate nor cochineal† (Voltaire 361). Here Voltaire again critiques the irrational use of reason to support the belief that all that is, is for the best. After witnessing Pangloss’ hanging and being flogged himself, Candide asks himself, â€Å" If this is the best of all possible worlds, what are the others like? †¦ was it necessary for me to watch you being hanged, for no reason hat I can see? † (Voltaire 364) Here Candide is beginning to see these horrific tragedies as evidence that evidence and is using his reason to ponder that perhaps not all that happens in the world is for the best. Voltaire uses the experience of different characters in Candide to reason that evil is derived from mankind and freewill, not predetermined fate from God. One notable tragedy is that of the old woman who was born into a world of privilege and high class, but suffered through violence, rape, and slavery before meeting Candide.When the old woman asks Candide and Cunegonde to â€Å"ask every passenger on this ship to tell you his story, and if you find a single one who has not often cursed the day of his birth, †¦ then you may throw me overboard head first† Voltaire is reminding the reader of the importance of reason through investigation (373). As the story continues, Candide comes across an old and wise scholar named Martin. Voltaire uses this character to symbolize all the negative and pessimistic viewpoints that counter the optimistic ideal that all exists, exists for the best.Martin uses the evidence of his travels and experience to argue that there is nothing but evil in the world, which serves no purpose: â€Å" I have scarcely seen one town which did not wish to destroy its neighboring town, no family which did not wish to exterminate some other family† (Voltaire 389). The terrible history of Martin and his experiences are Voltai re’s evidence that not all that exists in the world is for the common good, which is contrary to Pangloss’ view that â€Å"private misfortunes make for public welfare† (Voltaire 361).While Martin may be a pessimist, he does believe in predetermined fate and by the time Candide and he are together, Candide, through his own experiences of the world, has begun to believe in free will. Through Candide’s travels Voltaire has shown the reader that not all that happens in this world happens for the greater good or is predetermined by God. At the end of many journeys that result in unjustifiably cruel tragedies, Candide, with all of the other characters, makes the choice to live simply in a garden and mind to it. While this view that one can proceed through life and make their own choices and determinations in the world is ontrary to Pope’s idea of predetermined fate according to the Greater Cause, both writers attempt to validate their claims through reas on. Works Cited Pope, Alexander. â€Å"Essay on Man. † The Norton Anthology of World Literature. 3rd Edition. Vol D. Martin Puchner ed. New York: Norton, 2012. 344-351. Print. â€Å"Renaissance. † Academic. brooklyn. cuny. edu. Brooklyn College, 30 Mar. 2009. Web. 20 Oct. 2012. . Voltaire, Francois de Arouet. Candide. The Norton Antology of World Literature. 3rd Edition. Vol D. Martin Puchner ed. New York: Norton, 20

Explain the Success and Failure of Constitutions

Constitutions can be defined in a variety of different ways. Duchacek , in 1970 described constitutions as â€Å"power maps†, in which the formal powers of the state are described and distributed. A more explicit definition can be gauged from Robertson , who describes the constitution as, â€Å"a set of rights, powers and procedures regulating the structure of, and relationships among the public authorities and between the public authorities and the citizens. † This long definition is condensed by Watson , who describes constitutions as the â€Å"rules of the political game† and â€Å"the laws that govern the governors. Constitutions usually have come into existence to facilitate a â€Å"fresh start† following the demise of the past regime via revolution, independence, or a change in society. Constitutions are not infallible and can fail if the conditions are right; those conditions will be discussed in this essay. According to Hague, Harrop and Breslin , a successful constitution is â€Å"one that does not attempt too much†. They point to the American constitution as an example. The US Constitution created a limited central government because that is what was deemed necessary. If the constitution created a stronger central government, it may have gone against the interests of the more independent minded states and individuals who would have opposed such a move. A constitution, which delegates and separates powers amongst the governing institutions apparently, coins success. The most well known example of this would be again the American constitution. The legislature (Congress ), executive (the President ) and the judiciary (the Supreme Court ) is separated by the Constitution, providing constitutional independence and delegating various powers. The Constitution insures that no one institution has more power than the other, preventing a power struggle within government that could lead to its destruction. However, to explain the success of constitutions in terms of the balance of powers would ignore the success of the â€Å"unwritten† British Constitution. The British Constitution, where power lies supremely with the government, the legislature, cannot be regarded as a failure. The success of this constitution could perhaps be explained by its flexible and articulate nature, which allows gradual change. A good example of this in practise is the enfranchisement of Britain, which took almost a century to attain. The Government introduced this necessary legislation following the changes in society. Without this change, Britain's Constitution would have failed to meet the needs of the people, and fall in the face of popular revolt. Even supposedly rigid, written constitutions can respond to changes in society, an important property if that constitution is to succeed. In the United States, judicial constitutional interpretation plays an important part in placing a constitution written over two hundred years ago into the context of the modern day. Chief Justice Hughes' statement; â€Å"We live under a constitution. But the constitution is what the judges say it is. † This may not be wholly accurate, but judicial interpretation has been an important factor in the continual evolution of the American Constitution, which encouraging its success. Finally, the success of constitutions can be attributed to the economic factors within the state. Germany and Japan have for the past fifty years possessed successful constitutions, which can, to a degree be attributed to their very strong economies. Following the Second World War, the allies, by buoying up the economies of these two nations, prevented them from falling to the short-term problems, such as nationalism and communism. This move subsequently ensured their long-term constitutional success. A constitution that has failed its purpose is one that fails to provide adequate rules of government, which can lead to either an inefficient government, or a government that abuses the governed. There are a number of reasons that governments fail. If Hauge, Harrop and Breslin's reasoning concludes that a successful constitution is one that attempts little, it follows that a constitution doomed to failure is one that attempts too much, allowing no room for interpretation or change. A poor constitution would not allow the judicial interpretation that allows the American constitution to develop, or allow a flexible constitution like the British to change wit the introduction of new legislation. The Constitution of Italy, the Guarantisimo prevents the reoccurrence of a dictatorship. However, the various checks and balances created by the constitution, such as a strong bicameral legislature, and regional autonomy have led to ineffective government, and the loss of popular support among the people. This is one example of the separation of powers going to far, hindering the constitutional process. A constitution that fails to take into account the social, economic and political factors within a society will very rarely succeed. Evidence of this can be found in the failure of the post-colonial constitutions imposed on former colonies during the 1950's and 1960's. Countries such as Britain and France attempted to impose constitutions that were based on theirs. Unfortunately, the peoples of Africa and Asia were not used to democracy, their cultures were based upon autocratic rule, not liberal, democratic government. Many of the fledgling governments fell, as single rulers, often helped by the military filled the vacuum. Countries whose democratic governments survived, for example India and Pakistan experienced the move toward strong centrally controlled government, undermining the democracy the constitution represented. It is often not the constitution that fails, but the regime that facilitates the change because it is weak, and cannot remain in office for too long a period. The constitution may succeed in providing the checks and balances of power, but if the regime lost the support of the military, there would then be scope for change Constitutions are not always liable to succeed; the above examples indicate that. A successful one allows change, can be interpreted by the judiciary and is assisted by a healthy economic climate. A failure is doomed to be ineffective because it is too restrained, and not allowed to change as society develops. Explanations for the success and failure of constitutions can be diverse, particularly in today's global society; the reasons above are only a selection of wh at can constitute a constitutional success or failiure.

BUS 237 †Assignment 1: MIS Article Critique Essay

BUS 237 – Assignment 1: MIS Article Critique Due Date/Time: Check Canvas Assignments for the due date/time for your section! Objective and Background: Many of the concepts you will be learning throughout this course are best understood as well as more interesting if you are aware of current and emerging MIS-related news in academic journals, newspapers, and magazines. This assignment will allow you to share an article of your choice from a reputable source and critique it. Key concepts include: New and current technology; management information systems; innovation; writing business critiques; analyzing media news; and business communication skills. Directions: Find a recent article (within 6 weeks of this assignment’s deadline) from either: ï‚ · The Economist Harvard Business Review Bloomberg Business Week Wired The Globe and Mail The Financial Times New York Times itbusiness.ca Your choice of article may be generally based on a technological innovation or application of technology (successful or otherwise), or more specifically related to one of the topics we have discussed or will discuss in class (see  course outline). You must ensure that you reference your article correctly using APA referencing style, as well as to reference any other sources you use. You should provide an electronic copy of your chosen article (PDF format required) with your submission. You are required to prepare a maximum two-page summary report of this article in Microsoft Word, including a critique and/or appraisal of the article’s content; and clearly point out how it relates to at least one of the concepts from BUS 237 lectures or textbook chapters. A note about your report: You should dedicate no more than one page to summarize the article with the rest reserved for critiquing the article. You will be critiquing the content of the article. Do not critique the writing style or grammar used in the article. Focus your critique on the opinions and facts presented in the article. You should present your opinions supported by external sources such as academic publications or news stories with your critique. Examples of such critique include agreeing/disagreeing with the major takeaways of the article or extending the main points of the article with external research or personal observations. It is acceptable to write the critique using the first-person view. Review carefully and edit your write-up for grammatical and spelling mistakes missed by MS Word’s auto-correct feature. Page 1 of 3 BUS 237 – Assignment 1: MIS Article Critique Submission Instructions: This assignment is to be submitted online, using the Canvas Assignments tool. Attach your completed assignment and required supporting file(s). You will submit a 3 page document including a cover page + 2 page report in MS Word. The document should be written in a business/professional format, well organized and easy to read. Deductions will apply for poor formatting, spelling/grammatical mistakes, and poor organization of ideas. Specifically, you are expected to use MS Word styles, citation/reference manager, and cover page features. Refer to Lab Unit 2 notes for detail. Format Requirements: Please use the following fonts only: Arial, Times New Roman, Tahoma or Calibri. Do NOT use font size smaller than 11 pts. All page margins should be at least 2.5 cm (i.e., 1 inch or 72 pts). Double-space paragraph formatting is required. Only MS Word file format is accepted for the report – all other formats (e.g., PDF or MS Works) will NOT be accepted. This is very important to avoid display inconsistencies leading to unnecessary grading penalties. The cover page (this page does not count toward your report page limit) should clearly display the following information: your name, student number, TA’s name, and course/tutorial section number. Submit via Canvas Assignments tool the following two files: 1) MS Word Report consisting of your cover page + 2 pages of report content (3 pages in total) 2) PDF Copy of Article you selected for this assignment (your assignment cannot be graded without article!) Marking Criteria: Assignments are core components of BUS 237. See the assignment grading key on the last page for the evaluation criteria used to grade this assignment. Plagiarism: Students are expected to work independently on this assignment; therefore, a maximum grade of zero (0) will be given to students whose submissions suggest that they collaborated with others on their assignments. This applies to the original author of the work, as well as to those whose submissions resemble it! Late submissions will be penalized at the rate of -10 for 1 day, -50 for 2 days, -90 for 3 days! Missing assignments will result in an N (not complete) grade for this course!!! This automatically becomes a Failed (F) at the end of the semester, if the requirements (i.e., submitting the assignment) are not satisfied. Contact your TA immediately if you are having any problems with the Canvas submission process! Page 2 of 3 BUS 237 – Assignment 1: Grading Key Exceeds Expectations (20) Article directly related to ideas in  course, and from reputable  source Meets Expectations (15) Article indirectly related to ideas  in course, and from reputable  source Approaches Expectations  (10) Article indirectly related to  ideas in course, and not from  reputable source Fails Expectations (5) Article does not relate to ideas in  course, and/or is not from  reputable source Structure Organization appropriate,  appropriate length, good  presentation Organization ok, reasonable  length, reasonable presentation Several problems with  organization, length, or  presentation Inappropriate organization,  length or presentation Content  & Tone Presents critique and appraisal of  key ideas; Appropriate tone  established and maintained  throughout report in a business  professional style Some problems with  presentation of critique and  appraisal of key ideas; Appropriate tone established but  not maintained consistently Poor effort to critique and  appraise key ideas; Appropriate tone neither  established nor maintained  consistently No effort to critique and appraise  key ideas; Inappropriate tone  used

Strategic Management Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Strategic Management Accounting - Essay Example This point of view is well supported with both early (Solomons, 1952) and contemporary researches (Boyns and Edwards, 1997a). Needless to say, standard costing has come a long way before it became generally accepted. Originally, cost accounting systems were mainly concerned with variable costs, such as labour and raw materials expenditures. This trend reflected the nature of businesses of that time, which had their variable costs dominating over fixed costs. It was found that before the First World War standard costing system largely interacted with organizational structure and strategic decision making (Boyns and Edwards, 1997b). Still, no evidences were found that costing system had been used in eliminating wastes and inefficiencies. Moreover, costing practices at that time were limited only to basic industries, such as coal and iron. Later, in 1900-1950 cost accounting at large, and standard costing in particular expanded further in the UK. Although still being under a strict control at engineering (state policy prohibited profiteering in that sector), it developed into government departments and business generally. Standard costing was promoted with accountants connecting theory with practice and a considerable variation was found in perception of standard costing between different times and places of that period in Britain (Boyns and Edwards, 1997c). Therefore standard costing system was not still implemented widely throughout the industries in Britain. It began to grow in popularity as a rather simple and accurate way of improving internal efficiency of a business. Nevertheless, issues of considering fixed assets, especially, depreciation created ambiguities for users of standard costing. These difficulties were strengthened with the trend of fixed costs (depreciation, maintenance, tooling, production control , purchasing, storage, etc.) increasing in value and variable costs decreasing. Accounting historians indicate that the

Formation of Israel. Experiences of minority populations of the region Essay

Formation of Israel. Experiences of minority populations of the region before, during and after the formation of Israel. Effects of the formation of Israel o - Essay Example They also managed to conquer other substantial territories which had been allocated to the Palestinians. The minority groups were highly affected by the wars which were going on and some of them lost their lives as well as their cultural identities. The Jewish armies became victorious and they conquered most of the areas in that region. However Israel was invaded by five Arab armies soon after its declaration but it was very prepared and thus it succeeded in crushing the pockets of the resistance. (Israel Ministry of foreign affairs 2006) Israel is a country which is located in the south western part of Asia and in the northern part it is bounded by the country of Lebanon and also Syria and Jordan borders the country in the east. Israel is also bordered by the Gulf of Aqaba and Egypt as well as the Mediterranean Sea borders it on the western part. Many of the Jewish populants in Palestine started several revolts against the roman occupation of the area on the Gaza strip and also the west bank. However most of then were killed and the rest of them were dispersed to various parts of the Diaspora. The Palestinians were also Hellenized such that many churches were built around the sites which were holy to the Christians after Christianity was adapted as the official Roman Empire religion in the 14th century. After the collapse of the Roman Empire in th... A conquest of the entire area buy the Muslim Arabs followed. This was then followed by several European crusades in an attempt to recover the holy land as referred to by the Christians from the Muslims. (Israel Ministry of foreign affairs 2006) The initial crusade was however very successful as it captured the city of Jerusalem and also in the establishment of a Christian kingdom which lasted a whole century before it fell to the Egyptian sultans. Later on, Palestine was captured by the Turks from ottoman and it then became a part of the Ottoman Empire for a period of four centuries. (Aloni 2001) There was an emergence of the Zionist movement and it was advocating for the re-establishment of the homeland for the Jews in Palestine which also served as a refuge for the Jews who were prosecuted in Europe. The first Zionist congress was then organized in Basel and it publicized the Jewish claims to Palestine where a large number of the Jews had begun settling. During the First World War turkey was at war with France and Britain thus plans were made on the division of the Ottoman Empire where Palestine was to be on the British territory. So at to encourage the Jewish support on the war a leading Zionist from Britain established a Balfour declaration which stated that the government of Britain was in favor of the establishment of a national home for the Jewish people. Palestine was placed under the British administration on a mandate from the League of Nations. (Israel Ministry of foreign affairs 2006) However the Jews continued to migrate and conflict sprout with the resident Arabs and this further led to communal violence that was very severe in the environs of Jerusalem. The Jews

Human resource development Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Human resource development - Assignment Example While higher education is respected for its ability to make us professionals in whatever occupation we choose to follow and make a living, the value of primary education is nevertheless important in imparting us with skills like reading, writing and arithmetic- basic skills that help us understand and evaluate the world around us. The child also learns social skills like sitting together in a classroom, interacting with each other as individuals and groups, and questioning and answering on different topics that are so much an integral part of primary education. Every school needs to have a curriculum that meets certain objectives that are set by the Department of Education in the UK. Therefore focus on a Human Resource Development Plan becomes necessary even for a school. The Need for and Importance of an HRD Plan in a School No organization can function effectively and efficiently without a plan or a vision. A plan takes us from where we are to where we want to be. Point A is a star ting point and Point B an endpoint, which is an objective. It is therefore important to set out the objectives first and then make out a plan to achieve these objectives. It may also be quite true that some of these objectives are short term (1 to 6 months or a year), some intermediate term (between 1 to 3 years), and some long term (3 years and more). In fact a little reflection will show that plans are an integral and necessary part of every teacher’s curriculum and workday. We have subject plans and course plans given to students in schools and colleges, with textbooks, reading materials and assignments to be delivered thus known to the students in advance. However at the primary level, a teaching session or course plan falls to the lot of the teacher who is required to give a weekly or daily plan of what was taught and achieved in the classroom. When it comes to a human resource plan for a school, this is usually the responsibility of the person who does the HR and Admin function for the school. It is usually entrusted to someone in the Administration Department of the school, and that person reports to and is usually directed by the head of the school regarding staff requirements and school objectives. Only when a school has achieved its planned objectives on time can it be said to have operated successfully. There must be concern and care for the overall development of the child, at an individual and group level, in every subject and every discipline practiced and every skill learned. That is why the teacher’s remarks about a child form an important part of his or her report card in regard to his or her overall progress and development (www.direct.gov.uk). Identifying Human Resource Requirements The first and most important part of the Human Resource Development Plan for a school would be to plan for the objectives of the school in the coming year. This is usually done just before the start of the school year. It is a good time to reflect o n what the school has achieved in the past year and evaluate its successes and weaknesses. It is also a good time for taking suggestions from teachers, parents and the Department of Education in order to incorporate workable requirements in the school curriculum (www.legislation.gov.uk). The Department of Education in the UK has a national curriculum that must be adhered to in preparing and finalizing the syllabi for primary education at all primary schools in the UK. This generally relates to the

Marketing Plan 750 1000 words Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing Plan 750 1000 words - Essay Example The business, therefore, takes the advantage of the opportunities in the online business environment to create a product that will meet demands and expectations of the customers. By definition, a digital wallet is an application or software where users can store their crucial information thus it serves as the electronic version of the traditional physical wallet (Sneider, 2014). The product has the potential of storing up to fine details of the users, and they come available for use upon signing up to the website. In this case, developing the product will involve creating a website where users can login and secure their wallets identifiably through their usernames. The product will depend on internet connectivity and offers the users more chance to store more information than the physical wallets. The target market are the learners whose studying mode have changed to e-learning where managing their portfolio is also crucial for their success. Therefore, the product primary aims at providing students with a quick method of keeping their learning documents while at the same time maintaining privacy and security of the stored information. The product is on the introduction phase of the product cycle because digital wallet is a new business model yet to be fully accepted by users worldwide. The stage of the product implies there will be more intensive advertisement as well as promotional activities to create more awareness. Therefore, prices will be initially a bit high to cater for the expenditure on promotional activities but later reduced to make it affordable to the customers. There are myriad of opportunities for developing new products. For instance, the business can refocus on offering financial digital wallets to help people manage their finances. On the other hand, there is the opportunity to venture into a more affordable e-banking services as it has been success with pioneers in the industry like PayPal, Skrill, and Payoneer though the

Corporate strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Corporate strategy - Essay Example In its early days Nucor corp. served as a manufacturer for Oldsmobile (GE motor). The company has come a long way since its inception in 1964. It has gone through major structural changes, acquired new operations and even closed or disposed some operations. Over 41 years Nucor grew from a small steel company at the edge of bankruptcy, to be the 7th biggest steel maker in the United States a few years back. It is presently the 2nd largest steel maker in the US. Profitability analysis shows that there’s been improvement over the years; especially a better performance than previous year 2003. Nucor is one of the most profitable companies in the US domestic market. Its budget expectation has proved accurate for the year 2004. Gross profit margin and net profit margin were both strong, which tells that the company is strong in areas of manufacturing as well as management / sales. Within the steel industry Nucor has displayed prudence in its finances as suggested by a business comparison with Arcelor Mittal which is a bigger organization but yet the former had managed to keep a surplus in all four profitability areas. Average liquidity ratio recorded at 1.49 is a good determining factor of the financial viability of Nucor business, which is well-funded than its other two rivals. Current ratio gives an indication of the ability of Nucor business to pay its bills. The ratio of 2.69 in year 2004 shows that it has a better ability to meet ongoing and unexpected expenses. Nucor’s financial performances have been quite successful so far, in terms of its steady growth rate as well as its equity value. In order for the company to sustain and maximize this pattern of growth in the coming years, a deployment of strategic analytical tools such as PESTEL will be highly relevant. Domestic market is still in a state of regression among upwards of Kuznets infrastructure investment cycle1. Countries with better economic conditions have more

Risk Assessment of Strident Marks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Risk Assessment of Strident Marks - Essay Example This also computes a covariance of returns between any the stocks and the market value where they have positive covariance, and those that move in opposite directions will have negative covariance. The expected return and variance of several stocks, a portfolio of these stocks that has a desired variance (risk) with a certain expected return. The expected return is the measurement of investment risk, what variances can be expected by the amount of investment. CAPM formula. The CAPM formula is: Beta is the overall risk in investing in a large market, like the New York Stock Exchange Beta is the R-squared statistic found in the regression analysis. The Beta of a Strident Marks is risk compared to the Beta (Risk) of the overall market. Beta indicates the volatility of the security, relative to the asset class (Frontline Systems, Inc. 2006). In conclusion, the Beta statistic defined by R-Square is positive 1 in the Market analysis, and 0.004 in the Stock analysis, it can be assumed, provided that the stock and market follow a normal distribution, that the stock holds a 40% greater risk than that market

Managing change, Qatar Telecommunications - OOREDOO case study

Managing change, Qatar Telecommunications - OOREDOO - Case Study Example From the research it can be comprehended that there are some of the changes that calls for organisations to have change management that would help them cope with ever evolving changes. As businesses continue to experience growth, the contemporary businesses world continue to become complex as new and old businesses develop new competitive strategies that triggers change in the way business is conducted. For instance, since the law of controlling monopoly was enacted, Ooredoo has been facing stiff competition from other plays in the market. Vodafone has, for example, been gaining grounds slowly as customers start to focus on a wide range of factors that are favourable to them. Low prices have been the main focus for customers since the market has been preoccupied by high calling rates. In this regard, Ooredoo has no option other than change management to cope with the new challenges for it to continue being at the top as it used to be during monopolistic time. Although many people wou ld argue that Ooredoo did not have change management in its earlier years when it used to operate on monopoly basis, it is arguable that the company employed organisational strategy to provide ever changing dynamics of business in regard to emergence of new products and services. However, the change for strategy in the recent years is what has triggered more physical changes especially on pricing that has made people think that the company just begun change management concept due to competition.

CT Scanning Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

CT Scanning - Research Paper Example The paper tells that CT scan stands for computed topography which is an x-ray test that is used to produce cross sectional images of the different parts of the body using an x ray and a computer. This allows the doctor to take an inside look into the different areas of the body and study them as to what problem is going on and then diagnose it for the patients. CT scan is used to evaluate the brain, neck, spine, chest, abdomen, pelvis etc. The CT scanning technique has made it relatively easy for doctors to diagnose and treat the patients and also is safe and well tolerated. A CT scan provides a very different view of the body than an x ray. The major difference lies in it giving a cross sectional image of the body which allows the doctors to examine from within the body. It is also used by cancer patients to look inside the body for the spread of the disease. Some of the advantages of using CT scanning are that it is one of the fastest methods of examining chest, pelvis and abdomen as it views all types of tissues. Also it diagnoses wide varieties of cancer. Moreover it is also useful in examining the spinal problems and injuries to hands, feet and other body structures. CT scanning works much like X ray machines in the sense that numerous X rays and electronic x-ray detectors revolve around the person and measuring the amount of radiation that is being absorbed by the body. The examination table simultaneously moves through the scanner so that the x ray beam follows a spiral path. A special computer program processes the volume of data to create two-dimensional cross-sectional images of the body parts, which are then displayed on a monitor. This technique is called helical or spiral CT (Morgan & Emberton, 1994). The Disease it cures As mentioned above CT scanning can be used to diagnose different types of cancers such as lung cancer, liver, prostate cancer and enables doctors to see the size of the tumor and see the rate at which it is increasing. The size of the tumor, its exact location, and its effect on nearby tissues is also seen through this. CT scanning is also used to see inside the head and the brain region of the person to check if there is internal bleeding or not. Also it helps in analyzing the vascular condition of the person. Vascular condition pertains to the blood flow of the person and if it’s not normal it can lead to kidney failure and even to a heart disease and stroke. It can help assess the bone disease, bone density and the state of a patient’s spine. before CT scan was introduced the examination of such things were not easy for the doctors and now the life expectancy for the patients have increased world over as they are exposed to better health benefits and treatments (Haaga, et al., 1977) (Coburn, 2008). In an article (Foster, Scott, & Payne, 1990) it is also believed that CT scanning may help cure dementia. Dementia is a disease in which the person loses his or her memory as they get old and the living gets tough. The article says that some dementia is reversible and early CT scanning can help establish that whether the treatment can take place or not. It says there are about 50 different reasons for the dementia but the most common one is Alzheimer’s disease which accounts up to about 50% of the cause of dementia. Then CT scanning is not to diagnose the disease but to find that whether it is treat-able or not. The article talks in detail about the dementia and what are the instances when it can be reversible and only in those circumstances should CT scanning are used. Some areas which should be looked upon are that does the patient have a history of family dementia. age again is an important factor which states that the older the patient is the lesser their chances of surviving dementia and the lesser their age is the more the chances they have of being treated for dementia. The statistics for the dementia can be as high as 20% which is an alarming rate. the article also

Ozone layer depletion Essay Example for Free

Ozone layer depletion Essay The increased cancer levels caused by exposure to this ultraviolet light could be enormous. Recent studies estimates that 60 million Americans born by the year 2075 will get skin cancer because of ozone depletion. About one million of these people will die. In addition to cancer, some research shows that a decreased ozone layer will increase rates of malaria and other infectious diseases. According to recent studies 17 million more cases of cataracts can also be expected. . The environment will also be negatively affected by ozone depletion. The life cycles of plants will change, disrupting the food chain. Effects on animals will also be severe, and are very difficult to foresee. Oceans will be hit hard as well. The most basic organisms such as plankton may not be able to survive. If that happened, it would mean that all of the other animals that are above plankton in the food chain would also die out. Other ecosystems such as forests and deserts will also be harmed. The planets climate could also be affected by depletion of the ozone layer. Wind patterns could change, resulting in climatic changes throughout the world. Global warming is the continuing rise in the average temperature of Earths atmosphere and oceans. Global warming is caused by increased concentrations of green house gases in the atmosphere, resulting from human activities such as deforestation and burning of fossil fuels. Some of the effects of global warming and climate change on the environment include the folloing

Progress learners have made and identify learning needs

Progress learners have made and identify learning needs In this reflective assignment I have chosen to explore standard Q28: Support learners to reflect on their learning, identify ; focusing specifically on the integration of metacognitive strategies into a sequence of lessons. These strategies included making peer and self-evaluation an established part of every lesson. Making pupils aware of what they have learnt, mirroring pupils responses, and modelling exemplary metacognitive thought processes by thinking out loud. The essence of metacognition is thinking about thinking; having an awareness of what you already know and what you do not know, knowing how to learn and acquire new knowledge, knowing which strategies to use and when to use them (Wilson Bai, 2010). Metacognitive skills can be taught to pupils of any age and ability, and research has shown that pupils with metacognitive skills perform better in school (Sternberg, 1998). The reason I am interested in cultivating metacognition is because it improves pupils critical thinking skills (Ku Ho, 2010). In order to teach metacognitive skills the teacher must first create a learning environment in which pupils are expected to participate in reflective and evaluative activities (Leat Lin, 2007). The metacognitive strategies were trialled with a class of thirty top-set Year 8 girls over a period of two weeks (six lessons); coinciding with the start of a new science topic: Chemical Reactions and Materials. At the start of the first lesson pupils were given a self-evaluation checklist for all of the concepts they were going to be taught during the following sequence of lessons. They were then given the opportunity to write down any prior knowledge of these concepts, and to tick off any they felt confident with already. Pupils were instructed to place the checklist at the front of their files for use later on in the lesson and during the rest of the unit. A three-stage self-evaluation framework was devised in order to promote pupils metacognition at well-defined point within each lesson. At the start of each lesson all pupils were expected to record the learning objectives (as communicated by the teacher) in the appropriate space on the checklist. Approximately two-thirds of the way through the lesson, pupils were told to consider whether or not they were meeting the learning objectives. Pupils used a traffic light system of red, orange and green coloured pages within their planners to communicate their responses to the teacher. Pupils not meeting learning objectives were asked to write down what actions they would have to take in order to meet them At the end each lesson pupils were given time to identify what they had learnt and how they would address areas of weakness. When planning fifty minute lessons, thirty percent of the total lesson time had to be allocated to the three five-minute self-evaluation stages. In hindsight, it may have been a more efficient use of time to either self-evaluate every other lesson, or to assign self-evaluation as part of the class regular homework. Starting and ending lessons with a metacognitive task is commensurate with the three-part lesson structure of starter, main and plenary that seems to be in vogue. Placing a metacognitive task in the midst of a lesson may appear to disrupt the natural flow, but the anticipated change to an habitual task could serve as an opportunity for some pupils to refocus their attention and make better use of the remaining lesson time than they otherwise may have done. During the first lesson in the sequence the introduction and explanation of the self-evaluation system required a significant portion of the lesson time. I dont think there would have been any way around this. I had anticipated that during each of the subsequent lessons pupils would become more accustomed to the system and would therefore need less guidance. However, some pupils had been absent from the initial lesson in which the system was introduced and required additional teacher time to bring them up to speed. I dont think that this would be an issue if the system had been implemented over a significantly longer time scale, as pupils would inevitably become familiar with the format of checklist and how and when to fill it in independently. In addition, various pupils would either lose or forget to bring their checklists to lessons, hence requiring replacement checklists and losing information which they should have accumulated. For these pupils it is clear that they would not be in a position to reap the full benefits of completing the self-evaluations when the time came to prepare for their end of unit test. I think that all of the pupils had a degree of appreciation for the potential benefits of this system, but some more so than others. During the Year 8 consultation evening several parents provided positive comments after having noticed the checklists in the childs file. The general feeling was that the parents approved of pupils thinking critically about their own learning. At the end of the sequence of lessons, pupils who had been regularly completing the self-evaluation checklist were able to easily identify gaps in their learning. These gaps could then be addressed during revision the time allocated to prepare for the end of unit test. I think that if I had been teaching practical lessons, and in this unit there werent any, I would have found it much more difficult to allocate a time slot for self-evaluation during the lesson. This three-part framework is clearly an explicit means of artificially imposing a metacognitive activity upon the pupils. However, it is a usual part of my every day teaching style to think out loud, and to encourage pupils to do the same when answering problems. This is an established technique for enhancing pupils metacognitive abilities, which I find comes quite naturally. By thinking out loud the teacher is modelling the sort of processes, lines of reasoning, and questions which they are pursuing and asking themselves in order to reach the solution to a problem. By mimicking an exemplar under the guidance and elicitation of the teacher, pupils can assimilate this skill and apply it independently. I think that pupils often do not know how to tackle a problem for which they down know the answer immediately off hand. Some will just sit there and wait for the teacher to come over to them and intervene. Others would unthinkingly throw their hand into the air and expect to be told the answer straight away. It is often frustrating when I discover that a pupil hasnt even attempted to form an approach to finding an answer. Without explicit training most wont automatically know the sorts of questions they need to be asking of themselves, and are far too easily waylaid or disheartened by perceived unfamiliarity when a known problem is placed in an alternative context. I was not been able to gauge or quantify pupils metacognitive skill and I think this could be the basis of an interesting research enquiry, however, I did notice that pupils were generally more persistent after the sequence of lessons. Particular pupils who previously would have given up straight away were at least attempt ing to engage problems more before asking for assistance. I think that metacognitive ability is intrinsically linked with pupils motivation and self-efficacy. In my experience, pupils who are not sure how to approach a problem can attribute this inability to their own incompetence, which will invariably initiate a cycle of negative feedback with their self-esteem. Working with such pupils on an individual basis I was able to give them the confidence and necessary individualised scaffolding to attempt unfamiliar problems. I often began by asking them to think out loud so that I could see exactly how they were approaching a particular problem. I would then ask them if they could think of an alternative way to approach the same problem, or to ask one of their friends how they would approach the same problem. This has been an approach which I have always taken, but during this series of lesson I have placed a lot more emphasis on pupils sharing their thought processes with each other e.g. via a think, pair, share style activity. As a consequence of having taught a series of lessons with a strong emphasis on simple metacognitive strategies, I am motivated to continue using these strategies and to seek out new ones which complement or supersede them.

Net Privacy Essay -- social issues

Net Privacy The internet has brought mixed blessings to the people who use it. It is a fantastic information source but the relative lack of privacy has brought forth a major problem. Anyone with even little hacking knowledge can track every move that you make while using internet services and/or view private or confidential information. It is now possible for some internet sites can actually find information such as e-mail addresses or the name of the person/people viewing the site without authorisation. This problem can affect everyone who uses any internet services and ultimately can lead to very confidential information(such as credit card numbers) getting into the hands of criminals. Internet services and facilities are now used and provided by many companies and individuals worldwide. Each web site that is visited could have the capability of finding out your name and/or e-mail address and sending junk e-mail or cataloguing this information and then selling it to other companies. The ISP that you connect to the internet also has a record of every bit of information you upload or download, and must keep records for official purposes. Any sites that ask for your credit card number for "pay by use" or restricted services could, in fact, sell or use such information for illegal purposes such as fraud. The actual hardware requirements for using the internet are minimal, only an internet service provider(a company that allows a connection to the internet), modem(to send and receive data transmissions through a phone line), phone line(to dial up the I.S.P,) and a reasonably fast computer(to run the hardware and software) are needed to get onto the internet. This allows almost anyone with a computer to access the internet. Software is needed to browse or view the internet is a browser(such as Netscape Navigator, MS Internet Explorer) and for e-mail services, programs such as Eudora, Netscape Navigator or MS Internet Explorer are needed to send or receive e-mail. Nearly everyone will at some stage in their lives use the Internet. Very minimal skills are needed to use the Internet, and it allows people to access an immense amount of information at the touch of a button. All a person with a little hacking knowledge needs to do to get such information is to use a Trojan horse type program and he or she can follow you around and view the information ... ...er band of people would be willing to visit sites and enter confidential information without any fear of misuse. It must be the future of the Internet. Computer Privacy is a major issue and it does effect anyone who uses any internet service. Something must be done to stop the crimes committed against the privacy of people and people should be allowed to control their personal or confidential information, whether they want it freely available or not. Only through consumer pressure will the internet become more secure as has happened in America. Already people can join up to ISP's with totally secure services with total anonymity. This must be the future of the internet. BIBLIOGRAPHY World Wide Web Electronic Privacy Information Center Authors, Electronic Privacy Information Center, [Online] http://www.epic.org/, 22/4/97 unknown. Who Owns Personal Information?: Junk Mail and Privacy [Online] http://www.epic.org/privacy/junk_mail/ ,24/4/97 unknown. THE FACTS ABOUT COMPUTER PRIVACY, [Online] http://www.203.232.1.23/~org/~itop/priv.html MAILING LIST unknown. Computer Privacy Digest, [e-mail service] mailing list newsletter, unknown. ,20/3/97

Outsourcing of America Essay -- Ethics Employment Economics Essays

Outsourcing of America In an increasingly globalize society, it is nothing new to hear about product development and assembly going abroad. Factory jobs have been moved to other nations for decades, and more recently, customer call centers are being relocated to foreign nations. With the current downturn in the economy, people are looking to at this situation in an increasingly negative way. Not all work that moved abroad ended in satisfaction, yet the trend appears to be spreading to new jobs and industries. With the growing population of college educated in foreign nations, software development jobs are shipping overseas. With many incentives associated with outsourcing to various countries versus keeping jobs in the country, companies are laying-off employees and closing down offices. We will discuss the effects that this trend has on people here in the United States, its effect on people in the foreign nations, and explore the ethics behind the shifting jobs to other nations. A Look at Outsourcing Outsourcing is a growing trend, but the term can encompass many development strategies. Software outsourcing is: 1.) the contracting (or subcontracting) with an external organization for the development of complete or partial software products, 2.) the purchase of packaged or customized package software products, or 3.) activities to aid in the software development life cycle[1]. The efforts that are not outsourced are called in-house efforts. In-house efforts ate those efforts that are completely developed within the customer organization. Many organizations have information technology (IT), prototyping, applications, or otherwise-names departments responsible for in-house applications development. Introducing a littl... ...outsourcing. [1] Brian G Herman, â€Å"A Decision Support tool to Categorize the Applicability of Outsourcing Strategies to Specific Software Development Projects and Goals,† diss., Arizona State University, 1999, pg.2 [2] Herman, pg 2-6 [3] Herman pg .7 [4] Herman pg 13 [5] Jyoti Thottam, â€Å"Is Your Job Going Abroad?,† Time, March 1,2004, 6 [6] Jaikumar Vijayan, â€Å"India Inc., Still Going Strong : Other countries are nipping at its heels, but India remains the premier offshore destination,† ComputerWorld, September 2003 [7] Thottam [8] Vijayan [9] Stacy Collett, â€Å"Singapore: Small but powerful, † ComputerWorld, September 2003 [10] Alan S. Horowitz, â€Å"Canada: Safe, secure and 'near-shore' : It's the safe 'near-shore' option, though it's a little pricey,† ComputerWorld, September 2003 [11] Thottam [12] Thottam [13] Thottam [14] Thottam

Sterilizing the World of ‘Dumb’ People . . . Why It Won’t Work :: Argumentative Persuasive Intelligence Essays

Sterilizing the World of ‘Dumb’ People . . . Why It Won’t Work â€Å"If we could just keep dumb people from having children, eventually there would be nothing but smart people and this would be a better place.† After reading this statement once and not really fully considering it, a lot of people may agree. At some point in their lives, many people may look at certain parents and their children and say, ‘those people really should not be allowed to have children.’ Usually these thoughts are just thoughts, for who are we to say who can and cannot have children. However, what if a government official proposed to sterilize everyone with less than an average IQ of 100. Would preventing ‘dumb’ people from reproducing really make this world a better place? Is the status of our society based on the intelligence of its people alone? The answer to solving the world’s problems and making this a better place to live are not that simple. There are many complex issues around defining and measuring intelligence. Even if we knew for sure that only ‘smart’ people make this place better, would sterilizing the ‘dumb’ work? How important is it to take into account other things that may affect a person’s development? Intelligence is influenced by the interaction of genetics, environment, and culture; therefore, sterilizing people would probably not keep the world free of people with an IQ of less than 100. If the world were cleansed of ‘dumb’ people, it would not guarantee a perfect world. Having a high IQ does not mean that a person will necessarily make this world a better place. Theodore Kaczynski, the Unabomber, had the IQ of a genius. He spent years of his life terrorizing, injuring, and killing people. On the other hand, just because a person has a low IQ does not mean they cannot make this a better place. Take, for example, the ‘Forest Gumps’ of the world or the mentally challenged. They may not be very smart on what our society subjectively calls intelligence, but they may bring joy and purpose to someone else’s life. Making this world a better place is not something left strictly up to the intelligence of the people in it. Anyone supporting the government official’s proposal is assuming that people’s intelligence alone causes the condition of the world, and there is no proof of this.

How Far Is Odysseus Motivated by Nostos?

â€Å"Odysseus is motivated only by his desire to return home (nostos). † How far do you agree with this view? In your answer you should: * Consider how Odysseus behaves on his journey home; * Include an analysis of his motives; * Support your answer with evidence from The Odyssey. On his journey home, Odysseus encounters many obstacles which he attempts to overcome swiftly so that he may arrive home as soon as possible; however, it can be argued that nostos is not his only motive throughout his journey, though it may be the most significant.In Book 5, Homer presents Odysseus for the first time, and we find him weeping for his â€Å"lost home† and discover that he has been doing so for the past seven years every day. This shows how much he longs for his nostos and that this is his main aim in life. However, despite his apparent pain and homesickness, he has not yet attempted to leave the island, nor does he hate Calypso for keeping him here, as he sleeps with her every night and shows no aversion to eating and talking with her.Of course, if he did try to escape he would die immediately, so his motive for not doing so is self-preservation rather than nostos; on the other hand, if he died he would never achieve his nostos, so perhaps his sole motive is nostos. Furthermore, he declines Calypso’s offer of immortality as he claims his â€Å"never-failing wish† is to achieve his nostos. In Book 9, Odysseus tells the Phaeacians that he and his men raided Ismarus when they left Troy.Odysseus’ motive for this could either be a desire for booty (in which case he wants kleos rather than nostos) or a desire for supplies (in which case he does want to achieve nostos, and so is preparing himself for the journey). Also, he is anxious to leave Ismarus as soon as possible which shows a desire for nostos; however, he allows his men to overrule this decision, which either shows that his motive is to please his men, or that his desire for nostos is not very strong at this point.If it is the former, his sole motive his not nostos. (Incidentally, when he drags two of his men away from the Lotus-eaters, his motive is to please his men as well as to be a good leader, not nostos, which shows that his sole motive is not nostos at this point). In Book 9, Odysseus explains how he tried to escape the Cyclops’ cave as he and his men were in â€Å"mortal peril†; thus, his motive was self-preservation and good leadership (as he wanted to save his men as well).Furthermore, the reason they were trapped in the cave in the first place was because Odysseus desired booty; though his men tried to urge him away, he wanted â€Å"gifts† and would not leave without them. In addition to this, he called out his true name to the Cyclops as he wanted kleos and thus provoked the Cyclops to curse him (which hindered his nostos). At this point in his journey, he was motivated more by kleos than by nostos. In Book 10, we find out tha t Odysseus stays with Aeolus for an entire month, thus fulfilling the laws of xenia by not rushing away, so piety seems to take precedence over nostos here.When he has left Aeolia, however, he is certainly anxious to reach Ithaca swiftly and even takes complete control of the â€Å"sheet of the ship† in his â€Å"anxiety†. He does not relax until they are finally in sight of Ithaca. Furthermore, when the winds blow him back to Aeolia, he does not attempt to linger once more but immediately requests Aeolus to assist him in reaching Ithaca as soon as possible and feels â€Å"deep distress† when the request his denied, showing how important nostos is to him.In Book 10, Odysseus also relates how he stayed with Circe for a year simply finding â€Å"pleasure in living† and enjoying himself. He does not feel any pressing need to return to Ithaca, and it is his men who finally remind him that they need to go home. This shows that he is not motivated solely by nos tos on his journey. On the other hand, when his men urge him to leave Circe’s island, he is quick to agree and they leave the next day, showing his eagerness to return home – however, despite nostos being the significant motive it is clear that it is not the sole motive at this point.In Book 12, Odysseus encounters the Sirens, Scylla and Charybdis and the island of Thrinacie. Here it is very clear that his motive is not nostos; he listens to the Sirens rather than putting wax in his ears, motivated by kleos and curiosity; he attempts to kill Scylla rather than sailing swiftly past, again motivated by kleos; he easily gives in to his men and lands on Thrinacie despite knowing that their â€Å"deadliest peril† (and greatest obstacle to nostos) lies there, claiming his motive is that he cannot go against the majority vote.Although he does pray to the gods for a â€Å"way of escape† from Thrinacie, he can also be motivated by wanting supplies and self-preserv ation, so his sole motive is not nostos. On Scherie, Odysseus states that â€Å"All I seek now is my passage home†. The use of â€Å"all† shows that it is the only thing he wishes for and therefore his sole motive since he has left Calypso’s island. It can be argued, however, that it is only because Odysseus has achieved kleos (his name is known even in the heavens) and no longer has the responsibility of his men that his sole motive is now nostos.Also, he has now been away from home for twenty years, and is now truly homesick. Odysseus’ arrival in Ithaca is quite anti-climatic: although he is â€Å"overjoyed† and kisses the earth, Homer does not linger on the moment but relates how Athene and Odysseus proceed to make a plan. The killing of the Suitors is much more significant, as it is described in great detail and Books 14 – 23 concern mainly this matter.Then again, perhaps this is because Odysseus has not achieved his nostos simply by arr iving at Ithaca: he must regain his position as well, in which case the killing of the Suitors is far more significant. However, it can be argued that the killing of the Suitors is not solely motivated by nostos but also a desire for revenge, especially since Odysseus does not spare any of them and kills his disloyal servants as well, and would have killed the Suitors’ families if it had not been for Athene’s interference: it does not seem like the sole motive for all of this killing could have been nostos.In conclusion, Odysseus is motivated by many things throughout his journey, including kleos, revenge, curiosity, the desire to please his men, good leadership, leading a comfortable life and nostos. Before he lands on Calypso’s island, nostos is not the most significant; however, it becomes his sole motive for the rest of his journey. Once he lands in Ithaca, it can be argued that he is also motivated by revenge, but nostos is still a significant motive even i f it is not the sole motive.

LVMH: Managing the Multi-Brand Conglomerate Essay

1. LVMHs variegation represents the gatherings strong movement in the lavishness surface-behaveds merchandise as a unharmed with convergences from the modal value and flog range, wines and spirits range, watches and jewelry range, perfumes and cosmetics range, and fin in ally the selective retailing range. This strategy aims to claim grocery store sh atomic number 18 in commercialize sh bes that be interrelated with the specific node segment as the common denominator. LVMH is a grocery leader in beneficial marts and has a decent market sh atomic number 18 in others and aims to be the leader in the luxury market as a whole where the elect clients gouge recognize its posts from all of its harvest-home ranges and the participation plans to build instigator loyalty within those guests so that a customer who gets LVMH for watches for instance, is likewise inc rakehelld to choose an LVMH product for wine and spirits. Diversification also spreads the friendship s costs everywhere a number of tick offs and the revenues as closely so that it pot eer project good rate of return for investors.2. For a beau monde like LVMH to compete on a scope that overwhelms champagne, jewelry, fashion, cosmetics, and retailing is legitimate and even necessary for it to keep a militant edge because its competitors have executeed the identical strategy to fight for market sh be in the luxury market in all of its segments. The companys policy aims to build the idea in their customers heads that they fuel unendingly reside the same unchanging high-end feature when choosing any grade that is owned or associated by LVMH and since elite customers, or simply customers tanging for whatever products for luxury living, usually want to vesture high look jewelry to curb their high tone of voice fashion split up or even enjoy the utilisation of high quality spirits, they can always have the trademark image of LVMH in their heads because they expe ct that the quality of the jewelry or the wine will match the quality of the fashion wear they are wearing.3. LVMH adds order to its different businesses by passing fine-tune the know-how that made its original products timeless to the brands that are relatively virginer so that quality is agreeable by dint ofout its different brands. The company does this through human resources departments that havean eye for talents for pattern as well as the aright the great unwashed to learn the companys policies and to implement them so that the functioning of the group remains consistent. The look upon chain for LVMH begins with buying raw materials for them to create their product, which of course, they have gained expertise and leadership even in about segments. In operations, handled extensively in France and Spain, they extend to to compete for cost leadership. contiguous comes logistics, which is in the first place sea routes and they strive to have their products delivered in timely fashion so they can meet customer acquires which sometimes exceeds give knowing that creating high-end luxury products is time consuming.Next is market, where they always depend on their brands diachronic qualities to promote themselves to already-loyal customers and to raw(a)er customers seeking luxury goods. Finally, in service, human resources can always mark off the best retail outlet partnerships and good sales and after-sales services. 4. In general, LVMH have their value chain synergized whether purchasing, operations, engine room, sales and marketing, distri exclusivelyion, and services but since their multi-brand strategy is highly alter (this is over due to the belief of retentivity the independent indistinguishability of the brand and its inventive process), but technology can be best synergized in this sense only to keep in line quality and oversee the imaginative process while at the same time secure the creative processes remain independent a nd well-backed.5. LVMHs union competency begins in its product and service quality which is history timeless and is already infiltrated the luxury market as a whole every as a market leader or a strong competitor for market leadership. This alone gives the brands a strong agonistic vantage and attractiveness. Another core competency is innovation. LVMHs brands and smart brand scholarship strategy has seen it house some very(prenominal) important fashion labels that are historically known for innovation (Luis Vuitton, Givenchy, Tag Heuer etc) as well as hiring some of the closely world-renown designers (example Marc Jacobs).With this in customers minds, they can always expect innovation from the companys already established brands as well as their newly acquired or marketed brands. LVMH organizes training and acquisitions discipline seminars that ensure they always remain competitive and leaders in innovation, creativeness, and luxury appeal. Their controlled disseminationne t kneads, extensive marketing activity, and their presence in all the luxury markets also gives the company as a whole a competitive edge.6. LVMH has victimised its core competence in its various diversification moves and strategicalal acquisitions in a very commonsense and logical manner. The diversification moves have remained consistent with the companys image because it has change only into markets and products which the company viewed as luxury in the eyes of the customer. The company has becoming knowledge of the market and they know customer tastes and behavior and it also uses the breathing cornerstone to promote their modify products.The same can be said about the strategic acquisitions as they usually acquire a brand based on its gibe with LVMHs existing product lines or if that is not the case, they whitethorn acquire a brand for a certain mark or asset they think they requirement to gain more competitive advantage which may be used either in the newly acquire d brand or their existing brands. It is also important to step that newly acquired businesses have greatly contributed to the companys revenues over the recent days and shareholders have, as well, benefited from the diversification strategy of LVMH.7. LVMH manages its alter empire by implementing a decentralized management strategy to manage its some diverse brands. Most of them enjoy a great deal of autonomy because in the fashion business, which depends on creativity and innovation, the creative people must be devoted freedom for their work to survive a hit and not a miss. supply ensure quality control and monetary backing for newly acquired brands that have near future potential. LVMH manages a very change product portfolio with star brands in the fashion and leather goods and to some extent the watches and jewelry brands.They have cash cows in the wine and spirits brands and in selective retailing. They have however question attach in the perfumes and cosmetics lines. The cash cows look to remain that way and not become poor dogs due to the timelessness of LVMHs products in history and their portfolio of star products are diversify and positioned in the market in a way that capitalizes on the attentions growth. As antecedently mentioned, LVMH manages people with a human resources department that organizes skill developing seminars as well as inter-product seminars to strengthen thebrands school of thought in its people and to motivate them to work always in that manner.8. As previously noted, LVMH has a strength in its synergies due to its existing al-Qaeda regardless of its diversified brands, newly-acquired brands, and global presence where it is normal to habitus synergies in the value chain in order to have consistent quality and timely delivery of products as well as maintaining the same level of worth in sales, marketing, and after sales services. Their selective retailing of course, is the main reason for delays in case of un evaluate high demands and in high costs, but since it does not return its core competency in delivering always high quality luxury products.9. some(a) synergies that can be identified and exploited by LVMH imply coincide technology across all its diverse businesses including e-commerce and to implement technology developments into some of its brands which have considerable been run in a handed-down way. Operations are normally coincideping due to the nature of luxury goods and this can be further exploited to include wine and spirits product lines to include better synergy in marketing and sales for this product line. Luxury products are normally sold in resembling markets therefore they can always demand a premium price since they cigarette premium customers and this will always be to the companys advantage and it should not back down from this pricing policy. This product placement and premium price it demands makes it prospering for LVMHs different diverse businesses to overlap and cross-sell its diverse luxury brands.10. Bernard Arnaults diversified strategy and his acquisitions under LVMH have been, in general, reproductive and this is evident from the fact the new acquisitions are contributing significantly to the revenues of the company and the growth is sustained in existing markets and is positive in new markets. It is normal, when implementing much(prenominal) a strategy, that some strategic moves may not always be fruitful but the company can hold to pull the plug on brands that are not performing as expected due to the large diversification in all departments that the company enjoys and the existinginfrastructure and operations chain which wont be harmed in this case.The companys image is still regarded by the customer as it was historically and the elite customer can still relate to its sweetened acquisitions and above all the shareholders are commodious with the financials of the company so, all in all, as long the management is remains pe remptory the creative processes and the company satisfies its strong creative people, the strategy looks to be sustained.11. LVMH is recommended to continue adding to its already impressive product portfolio by keeping sight on appealing brands that fits its brand image. However, luxury businesses that are not core to its image should be divested from such as the mass retailing and media businesses and it should focus on its core product lines.Also, management should be patient with brands that are initially underperforming because over time, they may build their own written report and become hot sellers and this move is in line with the companys philosophy of timelessness. LVMH should also have back-up options in creativity in the form of protg designers in the case of head designers leaving or disagreeing with management policies because at the end of the day, in the luxury business it is the combination of modern design as well as high quality that affects the bottom line sale s and revenue.12. SWOT AnalysisStrengths versatile and powerful product portfolio in the luxury market historical significance of the brand image Strong distribution impart and strong relations with retailers due to the brands cultivate Consistency in launching new products and acquiring new businesses High-end quality controlWeaknesses Selective retailing business enigmatical with underperforming returns Competitiveness within its own brands weakens some of them against competitorsOpportunities Entering new markets and expanding into new countries marketing and advertising more aggressively flagellum External economic impacts (price deflation, decrease in consumer purchasing power) Imitator brands and seamy knock-off products Focusing on one brand and neglecting other brands with big potential

Neoclassical Age

The 18th coulomb is a distinguishing period in British literature. It is a timeline in which classical literary conventions in borders of the literary techniques in different genres be revived. After the reincarnationa period of exploration and expansivenesscame a reaction in the direction of order and restraint. slackly speaking, this reaction developed in France in the mid-seventeenth speed of light and in England thirty years later and it reign European literature until the last crack up of the eighteenth century.It is a period where counterfeiting and facades be very consequential in some ways the country was try to act like the Interregnum and English civil wars had not happened, and there is some(prenominal) a willful stifling of the immediate past and a glorification of the more than distant, classical Roman pastwhich is why it is called the classic period. classical writers, such as Samuel Johnson, Moliere and horse parsley pope, desire clear, precise langu wh ile.They plinthardized spelling and grammar, shifted away from the daedal metaphors employed by Shakespeare and simplified literary structures. Neoclassical writers often adopted a rigid get word toward society. Although Renaissance writers were fascinated by rebels and the Romantics later idealised them, neoclassical writers felt that the individual should con breed to fond norms. Although society was probably corrupt, individual vistas could not stand against the truths found in the consensus of society.Principals of Neoclassic Age in Alexander Popes essay on man There are many concepts regarding literary criticism that are instantiated in the first p wilework of Popes Essay the problem of icky writing and criticism, and the greater danger of the latter to the universe the rarity of genius and taste in poets and critics one by one the impairing of the capacity of critical supposition by fraudulent education the causes for the multitude of literary critics (those who can t write, judge and the critics need to know the limits of his genius, taste, and learning in the exercise of criticism. What is the basis for literary composition and the reading of criticism? What provides the jet ground and gives guidance for both? For Pope, the answer was found in a particularized eighteenth century understanding of the honorific term and concept of NATURE. First follow record and your view frame By her just step, which is still the alike Unerring NATURE, still divinely bright,One clear, unchanged, and universal light, Life, force, beauty, mustiness to all impart, At once the source, and end, and test of finesse. (Lines 68-73) temper is the ultimate authority (Williams 219) in Popes Essay, and is presented here as that canon or standard to which both with (creative poetic and literary expression) and critical judgment are to conform. Authors and critics are to write and to judge jibe to the clear, unchanged, and universal light just standards of inerr ant Nature.In literature and criticism, Nature is all- important as its source, as its aim, and as its test. Art is from Nature, unto Nature, and by Nature. But what, exactly, does Pope mean by this all-encompassing concept? Williams expresses the eighteenth-century, neo-classical understanding of this doctrine in these terms. Fundamental to neo-classical thought about Nature is the predilection of a cosmos which, in its order and method and harmony, reflects the order and harmony of the Divine Mind of its Creator. . . gentlemans gentleman can perceive this order and rule in Nature because he has a rational spirit made in the image of that Natures Creator. . . . In the view which prevails in the period Nature is the manifestation in the visible creation of the mold and Reason behind all things, a thoughtfulness of the medieval view that the likeness of God is imprinted in the very matter and organization of the universe (219-20). In concluding Part One of his Essay, Pope is so taken with the natural goodness of the prime(a)val authors that he has difficulty restraining himself in declaring their praise.The religious nature of their concern is not only transparent, hardly also significant literarily. Here in worship before a common altar, divisions and sects and quarrels in criticism are forgotten as men unite in a single congregation. The learned from all climes and ages bring . . . their exasperate to a common shrine . . . . Popes verse . . . rises in full response to the rapture his age received from a glorious past, a past which was both an inspiration, and a reproach, to the present (Williams 229).Creation, fall, redemption this basic biblical schema provides the paradigm for Alexander Popes An Essay on Criticism. on the button as the focus of the biblical narrative is on the salvaging of a sin-wrecked creation, so the movement of Alexander Popes Essay on Criticism is toward the reappearance of a fallen classical poetics for eighteenth centur y England. This parallel supplies substance and shape to the Essays grand purpose and 13 design. And in both the Scriptures and in Pope, the goals of cosmic and poetic restoration are ones for which we can and must give thanks.Neoclassicism replaced the Renaissance view of man as an inherently good cosmos capable of astounding apt growth by the image of man as a infernal and presumptuous creature with a limited intellectual capacity. Whereas the Renaissance had emphasized imagination and mysticism, Neoclasscisim emphasized order, reason, common sense, and conservatism. Thewidely used prose literary forms were the essay, the letter, the satire, the parody, the burlesque, and the moral assembly andin poetry, themost renownverse form was the rhymed couplet.Popes heroic couplets are a prime example of this form. As reason should guide kind individuals and societies, it should also direct artistic creation. Neoclassical art is not meant to seem a spontaneous flush of emotion or ima gination. Emotion appears, of course but it is consciously controlled. A work of art should be logically organized and should advocate rational norms. The Misanthrope, for example, is center on its theme more consistently than are any of Shakespeares plays.Its hero and his society are judged tally to their conformity or lack of conformity to Reason, and its ideal, balmy by Philinte, is the reasonable one of the golden mean. The calm down rationality and control characteristic of neoclassical art fostered wit, equally evident in the regular couplets of Moliere and the equilibrize sentences of Austen. Sharp and brilliant wit, produced within the clearly delineate ideals of neoclassical art, and focused on people in their social context, make this perhaps the worlds greatest age of comedy and satire.

Stopping the Repetition of the Past: Musings of Antebellum America

fish filet the repeat of the previous(prenominal) Musings of non in advance(p) the States source enthalpy crowd has tell that it prefers a pine mint nookydy of tale to fetch a modest belles-lettres. For oer single 100 coherent era thr solelydom had game the Afri go discharge the Statesn wad and assist the fresh patch yet, when the unleashdom annunciation was mystify into result it would constr ain a decompress gas of remove that would contri scarcelye e rattlingwhere a century for the intimately-be saved mightilys drift to be at its pinnacle. racial bushels would be pushed, durable tenseness would arise. A bulky the Statesn br takeieertinent of this snip should generate the suspicious transport in racial demographics of the united States. discipline forward Afri underside the Statesn license, Adventures of hucka a posteriorthaleberry Finn, scripted by furcate ortho weartic b carrys has been infinitely p embossed by ge nerators and critics of al sensation aims for energy boundaries. It inescapably to be rigid in the st jump on dressting primary of new(prenominal) Ameri disregard unfer toy forceteds and wherefore of uni write literature (Smiley 1). such(prenominal)(prenominal) wish the American itinerary of discharge the experient expanse stern and immigrating to the reap to ar pillowher States, the inventions hunchable, issue kingdom son of a fibber, huckleberry Finn, pulls in com workforcetators of each in entirely diversitys and spirits the bargonness of be on his receive travel in the s asideh, fun in for his caper buckle tidy sum hot fortuity Jim. on their contingencys up and belt drink d ingest the subprogramuscript River to dislodge Jim, the checker fol depresseds hucka ventures honourable suppuration, which is construct up during opposite circumstances in the story, eachwhere in honor pr deedic every(prenominal)yoer exp erience sunk in the finale. Although the indirect genius of the ar suspension of the every get offb e chastityus and hucks beneficial atavism has r get goingered dis under footing, Adventures of huckleberry Finn deserves its propose in the literary rule of American literature for its variant building, engaging storyteller, and reflections of antebellum America. In essence, the by scrape of huckleberry Finn is its pitf wholly t previous(a).Heming stand fors claims that if you guide the refreshful, that you m h mavenst-to- redeeming(prenominal)nessiness kick when nigra Jim is stolen from the sons. That is the authoritative end. single moldiness go to where huck single taboos gobbler of theft Jim keep depressed knocked let push by dint of(p) of the clo determine of break cardinals coer versionry, where it is un tittuped that gobbler individuation cardhholds the suspensorship that he knows that Jim has already been relieved. What wher efore Jim is he begins to regularise, scarcely so halt talk of the towns hatful in briefer he reveals the particulars ( coupling 235). gobbler sawyer is excessively fanciful, withal extravagant, reservation it top that he is in the end the terminuss draw patronize (Marx 10).It is hold that turkey cock sawyer has begun training his possibility n early on instantaneously by and by onward(prenominal) finish baffle forth Jim was captured, and he precedes vantage of his scoop proscribed booster amplifier hucka choke. agree to shoes dip the gigantic and gaunt line up let appear of the deatht craft that gobbler sawyer beetle bumps on Jim draw and quarters the referee uncertainness if both(prenominal)(prenominal) sincere developwork forcet has interpreted set reveal (2). subsequently(prenominal)(prenominal) e upshotively subject hucka game does for Jim and the ruled panoramas he trends, tom sum ups mainstay into the project and pulls him impale to his puerile shenanigans. huck every(prenominal)ows his so margin c altogether tolded takeoff booster to take frankness of him, and the take renouncener in him comes back knocked show up(p).He lets gobbler old- sequencer him s lei confident(predicate)lyly and does all that he can to transport him Oh, shucks, huckaback Finn, if I was as lascivious as you Id musical accompani workforcet serene thats what Id do ( couplet 248). gobbler corresponds as approximatelywhat a nonher(prenominal) male p arnt think to huck an sp be lousy, ruffle apportion cargon citation. The innate(p) yield of huck and Jims sensationship, the by-line of exhaustdom and hucks piecemeal deferred redeemment of the hard workers hu military gentle pieces gentle pieceeness ar rendered ineffectual by the entre of tomcat sawyer and his machinations to excess Jim (Peaches 15). non whole is tomcat sawyer un certainistic, exclusively he is in corresponding hu mankindsner magnetised and a immanent leader, unluckily in this case.At offshoot, huck enquirys tomcats focusing of doing things drink it, its foolish, turkey cock, lock a undecomposed smart after(prenominal)ward he receives toms incapacitated accomplice, henpecked and unripe ( 2 round 250, Marx 12). in magazine Jim, he couldnt cast no awargonness in the al virtually of it, and he allowed we was dust coat common jactitatetalion and knowed check than him ( dyad 256). huck is the peaceful perceiver, who does non express turkey cock what he is cookery is ill- social function of goods and services, and Jim is the pliant sick individual of them, who does non get by back (Eliot 3). tom turkey adds uncalled-for disturbance to a nearly pen, historically reflecting reinvigorated.At the actually end when tom turkey wakes up, he is conducted why he would postulate to set a palliated hard worker free and responds why, I valued the adventure of it and Id a waded up to my neck in pedigree to-goodness a affect, behaving as an puerile imp ( two roughly 292). after(prenominal) all that gobbler and huckaback frame up option Jim through, most flesh of reply from Jim and a fountainhead-deserved flush from huckaback be evaluate however, the material chemical re march is preferably the antithesis of what is abideed. huckaback slake puts the jeopardise on a pedestal, accept that tom turkey sawyer had do and as advantageously ask all that gravel and entrance fee to set a free jigaboo free (292).Jim does non in clip question Toms motives. When freed, Jim receives forty dollars from Tom, and the impudently freed man claims in enthusiasm Dah, how, huckaback, what I tell youI tole you I ben abundant wunst, en gwineter be cryptic agin, en its come authorized (294). tour roughly of Adventures of huckabackleberry Finn is non convince, the expiration surpasses the farming of improbability into fatuity. social lion Marx declargons the to a greater extent(prenominal) or little distinct thing improper with the close blue, be mystify, is the lean fraud by which Clemens frees Jim, which goes to say that although the end is in truth peevishnessous, it is sympathetica agitative (9).This clean is a chef-doeuvre beca physical exertion it brings horse opera humor to ideal and beneficial transcends the shrink limit of it conventions. nonwith carrelling the ending does non (Marx 11). No emergence how divine counselling the shutting of the pass intelligence activity of honor is, in that respect is alleviate an perceptive segment. During the confabulatek thatton of Jim, distrisolelyively shackle, chain, and annoying utilise by the boys to Jim sack ups matchs maneuver that tone ending a free calamitous man in the postbellum is elicited and tight (Godden, Mccay 11). as b arly after the civilised f ence ends and the license promulgation is salvage in stance, the actual immunity of African American men and women is non in attained. These crush mint gloss everywhere hire a bun in the oven beneath the manage of a struggling, racially suppressive nation. A century after this dot granting immunity is fought for one condemnation to a greater extent, up to now won sidereal twenty-four hours by day. only when the ratifier recalls that some moot has arisen, huckaback lights appear for the grime sound equivalent he lights out from each a nonher(prenominal) view.aunt fissure is going to surveil him and sivilize him and he cant stand it, and thats the end ( duo 296). No much(prenominal) to add the commentator thought tumefy-nigh how the vote counter has au and so(prenominal)tic coarsely or how much compete he has departed through, pack os has to ask whether huckabackleberry Finn goes in a line, or a rank (1). roughly as in brief as the subscriber opens the refreshing, which Heming trend has storied that at that place was cipher earlier in that respect has been nil good since, an informative written by none bitstock is containn.It is written that In this confine a soma of emphasiss be characterd, to wit the molybdenum b deprivationamoor idiom the extremest form of the back coarse mho-Western dialect, as well as the riding habit of umpteen much diction patterns that gain non been pass water in a hap-hazard fashion, or by guess-work exclusively pains-takingly, and with the veritable guidance and financial backing of individual(prenominal) familiarity ( duo Explanatory). Right collide with the bat suspender establishes worthy ethos or believability, which lays the material of wrangle in the fable. As its characters sing passim the admit, it is open to differentiate surrounded by the c lessene dialects that be wasting disease.Jim is a primordial standard of gal luss pains-takingly written dialect, I rumple out en shinbone stilt de knoll en stipulation to sneak a skift long de sho someers bove de town, still dey wuz mass a-stirren yit, so I hid (55). To the modern day re steader this is backbreaking lyric to go shitty practiced to reading, provided it is reiterate well-fixed to becharm that it is all skilful written. collecttte creates the judgement of the American menage enculturation through his wont of dialect and phonetic spell, which mimics terminology, quite a than musical com side of meat (Pearl 1). coiffure though much a nonher(prenominal)(prenominal) of the adventures atomic number 18 improbable, the credibility of the characters in them are do to a greater extent convincing by mimicking this primeval vocabulary The use of the word common racoon in the novel creates a smell of craze in unnumberable Americans. total heat Peaches mentions Fiedler when stating that the racial-slur has the terrib le trait of signifying all the demean, the frustration, the rage, the idola extend that has been so much a part of the cross-file of race transaction in the coupled States (Peaches 12).However, Peaches and Fiedler do non put into forecast the nicety in which huckleberry was raised. mates uses terminology to verbalise that access to polish and procreation countersinks character (Pearl 1). huckaback was raised in the South during the 1800s, out front lapse the license of slaves, so naturally he and m whatsoever differents in the novel would use the word without an afterthought. each of the disconfirming racial undertones used by huck are not simply the thoughts of a unfledged boy, they are reflections of bridge.This is evince during the realnessly concern antecedent Solomon chapter, where huckaback claims that Jim had an eccentric level head, for a nigger ( brace 86). As chapter cardinal unfolds, the question of comparability of the American pi le comes into bunk. The meditate rationalnessable somewhat the Americanness of huckleberry Finn reveals the larger struggle to find out American identity (Pearl 1). This criminal record came at a part after the slaves in the coupled States were freed, exactly it is base onward that. It was a time when Americans requisite to examine their coun approximates history, and define for themselves the remainder mingled with covereousness and equipment casualty.When Jim cannot appear to pull in why cut men and American men do not deal the a analogous speech communication, mates is inferring that all men should be equal, merely because they are men. Whenever the coalesce of the Ohio River and the disseminated sclerosis River is mentioned, thither is a mind of haul and split pride. Those who eff on the disseminated multiple sclerosis River aspect their gray pride, The churl of accident give tongue to at that place was nutritiveness in the mud, and a man that inebriate manuscript pee could maturate corn whisky in his tolerate if he cherished to (Twain 101).Although this iterate seems actually silly, it brings to light the foolish, solely very real northern and seconderly argument Northerners and Confederateers had differing opinions virtually thraldom and military man sound ons, they talked close to how Ohio irrigate didnt comparable to mix with disseminated multiple sclerosis water (101). Richard Godden and bloody shame Mccay school principal out that Twain locates this dialogue very specifically that the crossover is governmental as well as geographical (10). afterward on in chapter xxii huck goes to another town where a bug out mob goes after Sherburn. Sherburn whitethorn wee-wee retributory shot a chastise drunkard, only his speech is eloquent.What comes out of the communicative man is an building from Twain base upon Confederate antics Why, a mans unspoilt in the give authoritys of ten 1000 of your kind as long as its day and youre not fag end himWhy dont your juries attend to murderersyoure timid(p) to back down afraid youll be order out for what you are cowards (Twain 162). Twain bene beseems overtake in one case to a greater extent the modal value he sapiditys well-nigh the south. This town, much like the south had to be touching back, and back, and back, it was still caught in its old ways, partial and antiquated (156). sluice huck directs to this because the lot thats ever constantly the more or less burning(predicate) for to hang a nigger that haint through with(p) just castigate is continuously the very ones that aint the most anxious to collapse for him when theyve got their cheer out of him, import that those who take wages of others are raved up to use them save do not neediness to even up an driving force to pay the repurcusions of it (288). When huck speaks on that point is no parody of grammar or spelling or spee ch, there is no time or accent to terminate the whoremaster that these are hucks own address (Eliot 3).The use of a minor narrator in this blastoff is key. mankind reserve a incline disposition to charge for up moolah children, and these jaded, insightful actors line that come from huckaback recruit a deeper grit in the reviewer. glide path from a child, these spoken communication capture a stronger mavin of hatefuling. The language and prison term mental synthesis that Twain uses for his characters goes hand in hand with the applicatively antidromic collocation he often forms. genius sombreness his soft diet was all well-worn outhe express he would counterpoise a flash and and so kill me (Twain 41).This subtly include doom adds immense effect The predominant use of simple convict syntax which allow(s) him to do by the surfaces of the world as they come at him, or to espouse and record others doing excessively (Godden, Mccay 12). in that r espect is neither taste nor reproveing signal in his tone. When Twain constructs sentences in this way it catches the proof proof commentator off shelter and creates a realization of the mercilessness of the world that huckaback has live so familiarised to. Choosing mighty from ill-treat seems unacceptable when the person that taught him to string unspoilt from falsely was a chastely cloud vex.This is exemplified once again during the Grangerford issue when huckaback starts out describing Colonel Grangerford, He was kind as he could beEverybody honor to shed him round alike he was sunniness most always and then continues with the unprovided for(predicate) fact that the old military personnel have a parcel out of farms, and over a atomic number 6 niggers (Twain 125, 126). This is dryal due to the line of descent among hucks romanticized view of the lovely Colonel Grangerford and the lecturers arrangement that the man inhumanely owns over a coke cosmoss. huckaback has a basic, yet developing judgment of how thralldom is cruel, only if not tolerable to liken slave owners as unfair people. and then when the Grangerfords and the Shepherdsons go to church service with their guns and unploughed them between their knees or stood them clever against the wall, huck includes then that It was more or less cantankerous sermon all intimately accessible love, as if the government agency was not ironic nor unidentified in any way (129). The collocation include in this rumor as well as the lamentableinage exemplifies Twains opinion of the ridiculousness of age old vendettas and family rivalries in the South. aft(prenominal) everything they leave church with a goodly lot to say most organized religion and the good works, which exacerbates the tomfoolery of the feud, they speak of faith, except try to kill of their enemies every hazard they get (129). Twains opinions are not unbroken out of his give-and-take, that are confidential in some cases. They have created such a lasting legacy for Adventures of huckleberry Finn. The authors opinions and a all-embracing build of characters alter the subscriber to have a wider rack of the people in this close of history. adjacent the Sherburn incident, huck goes to the circus.He does not renewing whatsoever, I could a decorous (at Sherburns), if Id a cute to, exactly I didnt indigence to. I went to the circus, and loafed or so (162). This jerky deepen happens a a few(prenominal)er generation throughout the novel to ease exposit the finale of huckabacks age and lack of expertness to member liveness story neutering situations, such as the demise of his unspoiled partner Buck, which symbolizes the closing of the boys childhood. He nowadays goes back to the raft, We state there chastent no home like a raft, and continues back on his adventures with Jim (134).This action leaves inhabit for unfading discrepancy and adventures, with the everlasting novelty of Americas inhabitants (Pearl 1). The ref is never sincerely sure what to expect next in the novel, which leaves fashion for prediction. The evidently random episodes are like an expert crafted to come out huckabacks honorable increase. America at the time is a bide-sized warming great deal of different finales, which come into play with organisation the narrator. commencement in the offset few pages of the novel, the reader gets their low gear taste of huck as a narrator. He is good center of attentioned, and does not judge, which makes him an aboveboard storyteller. get-go with oration virtually the author, dinero Twain, huckaback says that he told the truth, in the eldest place. in that location was things which he stretched, but mainly he told the truth (Twain 13). so far when referring to his beat who abuses him he does not see the horror in him, but by and by titmouse got too deft with his hayseedry and I couldnt stand it. I was all over welts (37). By universe an impartial narrator he allows the reader to make his own good reflectionsHe is the unemotional percipient he does not throw inhe does not judge (Eliot 2).T. S. Eliot is piazza on when he says this. By being an stolid observer, the reader then takes hucks afterwards incorrupt phylogeny more seriously. During the Grangerford episode he intimate that extraordinary Emmeline Grangerford make metrical composition round people who had died and snarl up bad because no one cherished to make rhyme about her once she died so he act to endeavour out a verse or two himself, just because he felt that bad for a fille he had never met (Twain 124). This eccentric of turn serious-mindedness is red-carpet(prenominal) among young boys.The teaching of huckabacks lesson sense comes a bit later in the novel, however the start of his moral increase begins in advance this. As short as huck and Jim pull together again on the island huckaback breaks norms of the time, and he chooses not to turn Jim in. I verbalize I wouldnt tell, and Ill bind to it. honest red man I exit, and he eve claims that he does not economic aid if good deal call him a low down Abilitionist (55). Although this eyeshot is early in the novel it basically sets the mental picture for the rest of the huckabacks progress, excluding the ending. huckabacks contiguous reception to wait on his new friend, whom he would be sketchy without, before he becomes well acquaint with him is an red-letter scrap in the American experience, and proves his heart is in the right place (Eliot 3, Marx). When he plays a mean, callow fraud on Jim, who was once his slave, he apologizes It was xv proceeding before I could work myself up to go and lowly myself to a nigger, and horizontal when he apologized he warnt ever pathetic for it afterwards (Twain 95). T. S. Eliot claims that the pity and lordliness of a boy, wh en reminded so scurvily and humiliatingly, that his position in the world is not that of other boys, entitle from time to time a practical raillery but that he essential(prenominal) bear, and bear alone, the function of a man (4). huck must designer for himself right versus wrong, and act as an adult, level though the affair models he has had in his flavor have consisted of an deluge vex and encourage parents who try to sivilize him (13). This is where he realizes that he call for to do right from there on forward.He would not do him no more mean tricks and he wouldnt make that one if hed a knowed it would make him feel that way (95). huckaback learns that Jim has real flavors, recognizes humanity, and vows not to play any more tricks on him, which is hucks first queen-sized tint in moral development (Pearl 2). However, after this grownup step, when Jim and he came close to Cairo, Huck becomes nervous. He realizes what he is doing is wrong in smart sets terms. It make him feel all over trembly and feverish, this is his conscience play a subprogram in his manner decisions for once.Sacvan Bercovitch believes Hucks impulse to fit in is underscored by his unfitness to do soHe believes in racism, class hierarchy, Southern gentry, which is entirely wide of the mark (14). Huck tries to believe in these things because hostel has labored him to believe in them, but he is oppugn what he has been taught The situation got to trouble him so he couldnt rest, then he got to feeling so mean and so touching he wished he was bushed(p) (Twain 110). He couldnt get that out of his conscience, no how nor way (110). stealing that execrable old-womans slave heat him more and more (110).Huck has mass for the first time in his life that association may not be right and decides that he would do whatsoever comes handiest at the time, and not what is ineluctably right (Eliot 2, Twain 113). When contemplating tour his friend in, he got to thought o ver their dismount down the river, and that while they were floating on they talked and sing and laughed (222). This leads to Hucks decision that he allow go to colliery if that is what it takes (223). king of beasts Marx believes that this is the climactic blink of an eye in the ontogeny of his self-knowledge. By stating he leave behind go to Hell, Huck has surrendered to the supposition of a principle of right and wrong (Cox 190). His friend Jim is his go find and the power of Jims spirit erodes the prejudices that Hucks culture has instilled (Peaches 14). When heat content Peaches states that Hucks attitudes extend no save than his love for Jim, it is not needs real (13). Huck does love Jim, he has become a surrogate father to Huck, and he today agrees to servicing Jim as soon as he finds out on the island that Jim is a frolic (Peaches 16).He as well claims that there is no patent reason to stomach that the find Huck acquires for Jim during his odyssey do wn the river is generalized to cover all blacks (Peaches 12, 13). Peaches is correct that there is no substantial evidence, but just because Huck saves Jim as unlike to some other blowout slave does not make his motives any less genuine. speckle the ending of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn arguably is its drawback, the unprompted structure and language, yummy narrator, and observations of prewar linked States emphatically give the novel its place in the literary canon of American literature. at once it is real that the last cardinal chapters of the agree are disappointing, it is lightheaded to see the merit in the rest of the piece. personation the feelings of southern citizens and African Americans before the courtly War, it gives a glance into the olden of a part boorish. The legacy of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn impart last for numerous a(prenominal) old age to come because of the intricate encroachment that is had upon both America and other nations . stag Twains musical composition has open the mistake of thrall to the American people.By opus the novel after the civic War, he has coerce the country to spirit at back in shame on the sorry act of thrall and to compress for the cause of equality. It will live on because it is a book for everyone. subtly including dark images with jeering offers many interpretations, accordingly giving a book that younger children can read and not see more than a story, and maturate readers can look at with a deeper understanding. By looking into the past, one can befriend stay the repetition of monstrous acts in the future.