Dissertation Premise Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dissertation Premise - Assignment Example Therefore, the paper will explore the impact of director of nursing and director of social services leadership styles on psychosocial well-being of nursing home residents. Relationship existing between nursing homes and leadership styles of nursing directors has a significant influence on the care quality. Nursing directors cooperate with administrators in establishing a long-term relationship with residents of nursing homes in order to foster a culture that can support development of the team. However, there are limited building preparations for the leaders of nursing homes, which cause limits on the leadership. On the other hand, administrators are focusing on adopting various initiatives that facilitate collaboration with nursing directors and social service directors to establish effective delivery teams. There are changes occurring in management of the old leadership in relations to personal behaviors and adaptation of new ones (Dixon, 2006). In this case, this paper will focus on the current study that results to offering relevant information concerning leadership in nursing homes and the roles of the individual teams that has resulted to impact on the psychosocial well-being of nursing home residents. According to Allen (2008), data obtained from the government indicates that control of the administrative leader on the care quality and services has a significant psychosocial well-being of nursing home residents. This has been attributed to recommendations by the regulators to foster changes that facilitate a culture embracing residents of nursing homes. Furthermore, embracing the residents of nursing homes focuses on their humanistic values and care that is personalized home like settings (Weiner & Ronch, 2006). There are conventional care models established by nursing and director of social services aimed at addressing the long term issues in the care environment that has an impact on psychosocial well-being of

Cause and Effect of violence in schools Term Paper

Cause and Effect of violence in schools - Term Paper Example In olden days, schools were considered as a sacred place where the teachers the priests and the students were the believers. However, schools become hells at present because of the unhealthy activities going on inside the campus and the strained relationships between the teachers and the students. The over influence of media like television and internet, improper care received from parents, child abusing, etc are cited as the major reasons behind increasing violent incidents in schools. This paper analyses the causes and effects of school violence. The major reason for the increasing violent tendency among school, children is the lack of care they receive from their parents during their infancy and childhood period. Most of the parents are professionals and they do not have enough time to look after the child matters or giving enough love and care to their children. Children forced to take shelter in day care centers where nannies take the role of mother. No nanny can give the same love and care given by the mother. Modern parents are comparatively more focused on their careers or profession rather than looking after the needs of their children. Many of them try to spend one or two hours with their children and at that time they try to behave like a friend rather than a parent. They are forgetting the fact that children need the love and care of a parent rather than a friend from their parents. The effect of above behavior is that children will never get the much needed care of their parents whereas they get friendship more th an what is required. Children who have been severely and repeatedly abused often become extremely aggressive. Theyre frustrated, angry, in some pain, not getting everything they want. They feel like victims. They have no concern about others -- they dont think about others. Its all about who they are and what they want (When Kids Kill) Some parents often punish their children

Islam in Indonesia

Islam in Indonesia Islam in Indonesia Modern Indonesia is known for having the largest Muslim population by percentage of any country in the world.   Coming to Indonesia in the 13th century A.D., Islam has continued to spread, and approximately 90 % of the current population considers itself to be Muslim. Nevertheless, many forms of Islam practiced there combine animist, Hindu, and Buddhist elements from the countrys rich and varied religious past, creating an Islamic faith that looks different from that of the Orthodox Islam of the Middle East.   With over 17,000 islands spanning 3,000 miles along the equator, Indonesias Islamic variations differ significantly not only from other countries but also from one part of its own land to another. Still, while Islam dominates the political and social structure of Indonesia, the country still maintains its other religious roots; as one critic notes, â€Å"Indonesias civilization is like a marbled layer cake.† Convergence of Religions Before the introduction of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam into the country, early Indonesians were prominently animists who practiced ancestor and spirit worship. This form of religion, generally described as superstitious and ritualistic, believes that plants and animals, all living things, have a soul.   For instance, many Indonesians consider the waringin tree as sacred and a symbol of the â€Å"vital essence.† Thus they often bury animal sacrifices at the roots of the tree and no one is permitted to cut down the tree or its branches, otherwise severe punishment or even death ensues.  Ã‚   As another example of animism, many Indonesians still believe hair to have a magic quality called mana.   Young men, therefore, are encouraged to send girls a lock of their hair in order to seduce them. Furthermore, the Indonesians hold many rituals regarding life and death; some very important for appeasing the dead souls or assisting them through the underworld.   Although this d edication to the god and spirit of nature changed somewhat with the arrival of other religions, the natives usually just incorporated elements of their animist culture and superstitions into the new religions. In 1,500 A.D., the Hindu and Buddhist faiths came to Indonesia and meshed with the primitive animism of the country. The Indonesians accepted and accommodated these new beliefs by mixing them with each other, as well as with their own culture.   In fact, in many parts of Indonesia, the natives combined all three religions to create something of a new Hindu-Buddhist animism.   A great relic from the ninth century called the Borobudur temple on the island of Java evidences this unique blending of faiths.   As the largest Buddhist monument in the world, this great structure holds almost fourhundred images of Buddha, while simultaneously displaying many Hindu, Hindu-Buddhist, and animist sculptures.   With its conglomeration of different deities in one temple, Borobudur manifests the Indonesians unique combination of separate religions. As one example of a specifically Hindu-Buddhist convergence, Shiva, a Hindu god, was transformed into something of a Buddha image, while still ke eping the Hindu name of Shiva.   As seen later, the Shiva god eventually adopts the Islam faith as well. The Shiva-Buddhist cult poignantly reflects the Indonesian mindset toward the variety of religions offered.   Despite these convergences, some places, such as the island of Bali, became solely Hindu and remain so to this day.Following the fusion of Hindu, Buddhist, and native religions, Islam appeared and lay yet another brick on the religious structure, which was held together by a mortar of deep cultural roots. Introduction of Islam Traveling to Indonesia by way of the Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea, Muslim traders and mystical literary figures first brought Islam to the country in the thirteenth century. Coming from India, this was the mainstream Sunni variant, which was initially founded in Arabia. Scholars speculate that the mystical Sufi tradition influenced this Islam, which could have been easily fused with the native Indonesian culture.   Sufi holy men are described as â€Å"devout Muslim mystics renowned for the beauty of their music, poetry†and their internal spiritual focus, rather than for seeking to impose their religion on their surroundings or onto politics.   As one scholar notes, although no evidence of Sufi communities from early centuries in Indonesia exists, Indonesians would have been more likely to accept the more mystical form of Islam than the strict, law-bound versions. One similarity between the Sufi and Indonesian cultures was the idea of having a teacher who formed around him a small group of disciples to pass on higher wisdom.   Also, the Indonesian and the Muslim both seemed to focus more on the correct ways in which to communicate to god instead rather than on the nature of god.   Furthermore, Indonesian tantric mantras were means of meditation similar to that of the Muslims, as the Muslims often recited the Koran or other Arabic texts. This form of Islam, therefore, could be easily incorporated into the native culture.   Because of the traders traveling routes, Islam spread most rapidly in the northern parts of Sumatra, Java, and the eastern archipelago.   Evidence of this beginning Islamization comes from Marco Polo.   In 1292 he landed in Sumatra where he found an Islamic town named Perlak.   Although Perlak was already Islamic with a Sunni monarch, Islam was not found within its surrounding towns.   One of the larger cities, Melaka, was a major impetus for the spread of Islam.   This rich port city controlled the Strait of Malacca and much of the archipelagos trade throughout the fifteenth century.   Iskandar Syah, a prince converted to Islam, founded Melaka, and through his rule, his successors, and the trading fleet he extended the religion to various parts of the archipelago.   Islam not only offered a simple message of personal faith and hope, but it could also give one favor and therefore success in trade or nobility; thus Indonesians had a double incentive for conversion.   S till some regions were resistant to Islam, such as Bali and parts of Java that kept a more strictly Hindu culture. Islamic Expansion Islam branched out further in the sixteenth century, when Muslims began establishing Islamic kingdoms.   The Aceh kingdom, formed on the western part of Sumatra, was a region of major Islamic allegiance in the early sixteenth century and today is a part of Sumatra where â€Å"Islamic character of population is most pronounced.†Ã‚   Also in the early 1500s the Portuguese came to Indonesia; although they intentionally brought Catholicism with them to Christianize the islands, their efforts inadvertently aided Islamization.By closing off the central ports to Indian Muslims, they pushed the Muslims with their Islam faith to smaller ports across the islands.   Islam, then, was taken to some of the more remote pockets of the widespread country. Nevertheless, Java still did not easily accept the faith. There, Majapahit was the last and greatest of the Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms that predominantly controlled the archipelago and surrounding regions in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. The Islamic port towns conflicted with Majapahit power, however, and under the challenge of Islamization Hindu Javanese leaders fled to the small island of Bali to keep their faith alive.   Bali, as an exception in Indonesia, remains untouched by Islam to this day.   Those inland on Java eventually accepted Islam but only as a â€Å"formal legal and religious context for Javanese spiritual culture.†Ã‚   In Java, Islam was allowed to exist only on Javanese cultural terms.    That is, only as in a form mixed with previously held religious beliefs.   Although most early conversions were peaceful, one scholar says that converted Islamic states sometimes waged war against traditional Hindu-Buddhist regions.   The same scholar also recognizes that because of inadequate historical records and evidence, the process of Islamization in Indonesia is somewhat unclear.Although some believe Hindu princes converted to Islam because of their desire for power, commerce, and riches, the legend of Sunan Kalidjaga offers a different perspective on the eventual conversion of inland Java. Kalidjaga was a prince in Java who grew up in the traditional Hindu-Buddhist culture of the Majapahit kingdom.   In a conversion experience similar to that of the apostle Paul on the road to Damascus, Kalidjaga had a vision of a Muslim religious leader who instructed him to spread the doctrine of Islam.   Consequently, the prince converted to Islam and began peacefully sharing the faith throughout Java.   He was thus able to bridge the two religions; for t he Javanese, his life is â€Å"the meaningful link between a world of god-kings, ritual priests, and declamatory shrines and one of pious sultans, Koranic scholars, and austere mosques.†Ã‚   Kalidjaga is considered, therefore, to be one of the wali sanga, or nine apostles, who helped bring peaceful conversions to Islam in Java. Because of the differences between Indonesian culture and the Islam of Mecca, however, conversion usually meant an acceptance of Islam wherein the faith would be combined with traditional and indigenous beliefs. Versions of Islam Most Indonesians, when converting to Islam, synchronized the new religion with their personal mixture of one or more of Hindu, Buddhist, or, animist religions, while a minority switched completely to Orthodox Islam.   Therefore, like the many diverse cultures of the islands, Islam began to take on different shapes across the country.   The two distinct versions of Islam, Orthodox and the blended , were in tension with one another.   A believer in Indonesia who became exclusively Muslim and adhered strictly to Mecca-oriented Islam and the laws of the Koran is called santri.   Santri can also signify a person who removes himself from the secular surroundings to devote himself to Islamic schools called pesantren, which translates literally as â€Å"the place of the santri.†Ã‚   The second form of Islam commonly identified is called kebatinin.   This version is a mixture of Hindu-Buddhist beliefs, animism and Islam practices.   Kebatinin is also called kejawen, agama J awa, Javanism, or abangan.One case of this blend of religions was described earlier in the Hindu god Shiva who adopted Buddhist characteristics.   As Islam spread through the culture, the Javanese claimed Shiva went to Mecca and also embraced Islam, thus creating a god of three faiths combined. Because Hinduism never completely reached the eastern islands, a more pure, orthodox form of Islam formed in the east, while the western part of Indonesia tended to more often combine Islam with its Hinduism or other ancient belief systems. Political History By the end of the sixteenth century both the Dutch and British had gained interest in the â€Å"Spice Islands† (Indonesia) and its wealth of trade.   The Dutch East India Company was formed in 1602, which attempted to take over all trade control with Indonesia from other European countries, thus creating a commercial monopoly.   This monopoly served to shape the foundation of the Dutch territorial empire.   Historians mark this time, which is disputed to be either 1511 or 1600, as the commencement of European control and influence that would last up to the twentieth century.   The time between the fifteenth and seventeenth centuries has been generalized as an â€Å"age of commerce† both for Indonesians and foreign traders.   The Dutch East India Companys involvement did not remain limited to trade, however, but instead it became a political force among the islands.   Although opposed by certain Islamic leaders in Java, such as Sultan Agung and his successor Amangkurat II, the Dutch eventually dominated all of Java and then spread its empire into Sumatra and other surrounding areas.With this Dutch influence extending into Indonesia, the face of Islam underwent various changes.   For instance, the native trading peoples were forced further inland.   Holding a strong Islam faith, they brought their beliefs with them and began to rely more and more on the pilgrimage to Mecca as their connection with the larger Muslim world.   Consequently, they formed and spread an Islam somewhat orthodox but still mixed with the deep traditions of Java culture. After the Napoleonic Wars, the Dutch decided to try to make its governed lands at least self-sufficient, but they met some unexpected challenges.   In 1825 the Java War began, due in part to protest of Dutch rule on the island.   The war was supported by many Muslim leaders in Indonesia who also recognized the Korans promise of a coming Madhi, a messiah or â€Å"Just Ruler† that would bring peace and harmony to the territory.   In the years of 1826-30, a man who was overthrown from Javanese rule by the Dutch claimed himself to be the Madhi of Islam and he began a jihad, or Holy War, against the government. During the Java War, another battle began in Sumatra called the Padri-War.   This conflict began between the traditional leaders of the community, called the adat, and the revivalist Muslim leaders; some of the orthodox revivalists killed a royal family of the more Indocized Islam.   As a result of the battle, Dutch authorities called for a military invasion, which served to strengthen Dutch administration in the area. By the end of the nineteenth century, the Dutch were able to make the islands into a â€Å"unified colonial dependency,† which formed the basis for the future republic of Indonesia. By this time, western thought began to pervade Islamic circles, forming a modernist strain of Islam.   Furthermore, Indonesian nationalism began to develop, and with it, an organization called the â€Å"Islamic Association† or Sakerat Islam, the largest nationalist party of the time.   After World War I, many more of these types of associations were formed, most of which were aimed toward nationalism.  Ã‚   Inner conflicts between the conservative and communist leaders in 1921 caused the decline of Sakerat Islam, and a new nationalist movement rose to prominence: the Indonesian Nationalist Party, formed under the leadership of Sukarno, the rising president of Indonesia.   As a result of World War II, Indonesia fell from the clasp of Dutch rule and into the hands of Japan.   The Jap anese allowed the rise of both Muslim and nationalist leaders, including Sukarno, who began establishing himself as the leader of the nation.   After an Indonesian revolution, Japan gave Indonesia its independence in the year of 1945. Role of Islam in Politics After gaining independence, the Indonesians needed to decide on the role of Islam in the nations government.   After heated disputes, the leaders agreed to keep religious freedom and to create â€Å"a civic code instead of an Islamic one.†At the same time, one current of Kebatinin, the more indigenous-type of Islam, became legitimized by the government.   Sukarno then became the first Indonesian president of the Republic.   Because he disliked the divisions among Muslims and other religions (specifically Hindu, Buddhist, and Christian) of the nation he propagated a somewhat disguised, authoritarian form of government called the â€Å"Guided Democracy.†Ã‚   His successor, Suharto, introduced a similar type of rule named â€Å"The New Order.†Ã‚   Some scholars say both of these rulers showed â€Å"their Javanese religious-cultural bias against Islam†and made sure that Islams political influence was limited by various forces, including the military.   Both Sukarno and Suharto, therefore, restricted political freedom throughout the nation.   In response to the bias against Islam, Islamic and nationalist organizations united to create parties against Suhartos government.   The â€Å"red-green† alliance, in existence today as the Wahid-Megawati administration, was one political coalition of the nationalist- Islam that helped to defeat the dictatorship of Suharto.  Ã‚   Suharto, upon realizing the threat to his rule, turned to a militant form of Islam.   This led to much violence across the nation, and religious groups who had formerly lived in peace, such as Muslims and Christians, began to fight against one another.  Ã‚   This more militant, violent form of Islam instigated by Suharto became a lasting part of Indonesias various branches of Islam. Branches of Islam Today The two most influential Muslim organizations of Indonesia society today are the Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), made up of the traditionalists, and the Muhammadiyah, or, the modernists.   The traditionalists tend to be organized around Muslim boarding schools (the pesantren) while they preserve traditional Islamic education.In fact, the name of the organization, Nahdlatul Ulama, literally translates as â€Å"renaissance of Islamic scholars†, and the thirty-five million involved with this Islamic orientation follow charismatic religious scholars. The Muhammidiyah, on the other hand, embrace modern thought and culture while keeping to orthodox Islamic theology.   Founded in 1912, this modernist organization was aimed to create social institutions, such as orphanages and hospitals, in order to compensate the Protestant and Catholic efforts.  Ã‚   With about twenty-five million followers, it has less participation than the NU Modern Muslim Culture According to the Wikipedia Encyclopedia, 210 million inhabitants of Indonesia today consider themselves Muslim.   Many of these believers, however, practice Islam in profoundly different ways.   The Unreached Peoples Prayer Profiles provides information on various modern Muslim groups in Indonesia.   The profiles show an incredibly diversified Islam with many lasting effects of animism, Hinduism, and Buddhism.   For instance, ninety-nine percent of the 800,000 Komering who live in Sumatra today claim Islamic faith, yet they mix their beliefs strongly with animism and superstitions.   In order to keep evil spirits away, for example, many Komering wear good luck charms that contain verses of the Koran.   Also, some believe that â€Å"whistling indoors at night entertains demons, or that walking around on your birthday will bring bad luck.† Thus, although Islam remains prevalent and maintains a strong influence on the culture, the Komering still incorporate old religious beliefs. The Sekayu is another tribe of mixed religion.   Found spread throughout southern Sumatra, they consider themselves devout Muslims.   Indeed, they pray five times a day toward Mecca and reject common sacrificial rituals, believing only Allah gives true redemption.   Nevertheless, they still maintain some of their ancient animistic beliefs.   For example, many Sekayu visit a â€Å"soothsayer,† or dukun, in order to contact the dead spirits or have their fortune told.   They claim, however, that they do not pray â€Å"to† the dead spirits, as others do, but instead they pray to Allah â€Å"for† the benefit of their ancestors.The Sekayu, therefore, practice dedication to Allah while still sustaining animistic beliefs.   The Alas-Kluet Batak people of the Aceh province in northern Sumatra, on the other hand, have very little concern for or devotion to Orthodox Islam even though they have been considered Muslims since the 1600s.  Ã‚   This tribe directs their religious practices toward what they consider good and bad ghosts who must be appeased through cult rituals and exorcist healings.   For instance, at a childs birth, the parents shave the childs head, leaving only a small lock of hair.   If the child then becomes ill, they cut the remaining lock of hair believing that bad luck will also be removed.   The people of Alas-Kluet Batak, then, remain Muslim only in name, not in practice. The Bajau, as another example, are mostly Sunni Muslims who live mainly in the coastal districts and islands of Sulawesi.   These â€Å"Sea Gypsies† consist mostly of nomadic boat dwellers who often lack mosques for worship. Consequently, they rely on different communities on shore to visit a mosque.   Islamic religious status is very important to the Bajau.   For instance, they show special honor to descendants of Mohammed, or salip, and â€Å"variations of Islamic practices are associated with the relative status of different groups.†Although the Bajau uphold Islamic religious piety and learning for individual prestige, they continue to practice traditional forms of spirit worship.   At least once a year, they hold a â€Å"public sà ©ance and nightly trance dancing†while the spirit mediums assemble to contact the spirits.   The Bajau call on the spirit mediums particularly in times of illness to remove evil spirits from the community.   They accomp lish this by putting a â€Å"spirit boat† adrift in the ocean.This people group, therefore, does not hold to a pure worship of Allah, but instead also looks to other supernatural powers. A Country of Mixed Islam Since the 13th century, Islam has filtered into the corners and remote pockets of Indonesian civilization.   Coming into a religiously mixed world of animism, Hinduism, and Buddhism, Islam began taking on forms different than that of Middle Eastern orthodoxy.   The majority of Indonesian Muslims today shape the Islamic religion to fit their traditional superstitions and other religious beliefs, while the minority strives for orthodoxy.  Ã‚   These various forms of Islam combine to dominate both the cultural and political aspects of the nation and give Indonesia the largest Muslim population of the world.   Yet in reality, rather than being unified under a pure Islam, this population truly is a â€Å"marble layered cake† of mixed religious belief.

The Paradox of Perfection :: Free Essay Writer

The Paradox of Perfection In 1980, Arlene Skolnick’s â€Å"The Paradox of Perfection† was published in Wilson Quarterly around the time when the â€Å"ideal family† was highly regarded. The article expresses the idea that the perfect family dose not exist. This essay is a prime example of how society views on what a family should be, subconsciously affects the behavior and attitude of the average family. As a psychologist from University of California, Skolnick presents her views through a series of historical contexts and statistics. Skolnick ironically exemplifies through the media that the picture perfect family is nothing more than a myth; in other words she uses the media concepts of a family as a foothold to convey her thoughts. Although the article was written more than 20 years ago, Skolnick views projects a future representation of society and how their portrayal of the â€Å"ideal family† has not change. The essay covers an array of periods; a historical view to give a background to the essay, a present view to elaborate her thoughts and a future outlook to tie it all together. Through this process, the reader is able to follow and understand the author’s views, which are refurbished by historical evidence. Skolnick stated in the beginning of her essay, â€Å"Can the family be at once a cherished â€Å"value† and a trouble institution,† (paragraph 4) as a way to establish her agreement. The statement basically means that what was once thought as the ideal family is now the main reason for typical families’ downfall. Through a variety of metaphorical strategies, Skolnick is able to support her claims; the media and other image of the perfect family is an unrealistic model that average family use as a form of comparison. The author first address a general audience with her opening statement, which states the divorce rates, births out-of-wedlock, and presents a down to earth impression that captures any reads’ attention. Even though Skolnick is psychologist, she is able to express her views in a matter that appeals to the general-mass. I am able to understand and agree with Skolnick’s arguments to a point, due to the fact that I have lived in two different cultures and therefore able to appreciate her ideals. I can see why the author believes so strongly in her arguments because it is easily seen that the American life-hood is bases on the output from the media and a collection of society’s regulations that force the average man to behave in a certain matter.

Financial analysis of Vodafone Group plc

Vodafone Group plc is one of the best international tele-communications organisations where its caput one-fourth located in London, UK. Vodafone is the Earth major nomadic tele-communications corporation calculated by income in add-on to the planetary big size measured by endorsers, by agencies of about 300 million. Vodafone Group plc map its set of connexions in more than 35 states and incorporate associate spouse webs in more than 40 excess states. This group have ownership of 45 % of Verizon Wireless, one of the largest nomadic tele-communications corporations in the United States of America considered by clients. Vodafone group plc recommend an impregnable assortment of goods for clients, for staff and for concern Say like Connectivity, Mobile Emails, Mobil Connect, Remote Access, Mobile Applications etc†¦ Vodafone group plc web and nomadic equipment cognize how to acquire better a wide diverseness of trade process, industry more well-organized and efficient. Vodafone group dressed ore in assorted figure of centre part, together with communications within client Mobile forces, informations collected plants and converse to the clients straight. Vodafone Plc engaged with a batch of most of import fiscal services suppliers on concern mobility on the other manus, Vodafone group are besides capable to subject application mobility to major concern procedure for fiscal services clients. Vodafone plc have a duplicate set of reply intentionally for the financial sector that will be of aid to run concern in a self-motivated and baffled advertise place. The Major Rivals of Vodafone Group Plc are Deutsche Telekom, Telephonic Europe Orange. Each one Rival has their ain scope of Policies and rules to pull client but taking all this a side Vodafone Group captured universe market and took best topographic point in the universe broad Global market The Vodafone Group Plc sets out its Business doctrine in concert with some rules to give account how they are relevant in exercising. In adding together, the Vodafone Group besides tools a figure of concern policies which be relevant to all auxiliary and combined Ventures with an involvement. Below are some of the diagnostic catalogue of policies which are the most portion that are relevant and sustainability meeting docket. For the most portion on a regular basis requested by the Vodafone Group members of the Socially responsible followers are some of the declarative list of policies: AA Benefits Charitable contributions Communicationss Complying with anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws/requirements Corporate cordial reception Employee rights Equal chances Ethical buying Health & A ; safety etc are some of the policies Vodafone Group Plc comprehend that concern require a communications associate with declaration that to extent and accommodate commercialism demands. Business requires smart phones in favor of voice, electronic mail etc†¦ Business requires a to the full incorporated declaration that make possible splintering of paperss, conferences and entree to applications from any site. no affair what the size no affair what their require, Vodafone invariably give the feeling of being for new, imaginative ways to assist the concern clients take clasp of every opportunity in a straightforward manner As Global Market responds to increase velocity challenge, administrations are looking for to derive clear and well-versed observation of the chance so with the purpose of they can put bright stakes in conditions of large concern scheme and betterment. In instruct to appreciate energetic chances, Vodafone consider administrations have to look, off from their usual skylines, and utilize new-fangled combination of merely round the corner and forethought methodological analysiss.Review of Management Account:Management histories come together with histories passages, finance passages and direction cost passages which help the administration and directors to cognize the existent fiscal passages of the administration and undertaking every bit good. Management Histories give account the fiscal cost that occurs in concern determinations Management Accounting aid in prepare concern policy, look into the disbursement of administrations and fiscal manage It helps in carry out internal organizational audits. It explain the impact of competitory MarketThe direction accounting accomplishment set:Management Accounting is merely non more about finance it is moreAA add-on to the accounting basicss. Management AccountingAA analyse in order and by agencies of doing fiscal determination. Plan to explicate concern scheme to supply prosperity and portion holder value. Identifying Hazards Supplying about budgets Communication to non fiscal directors about fiscal passageKey Method of Management Account:In today ‘s epoch itaa‚ ¬a„?s a extremely competitory concern showground, a full empathetic of the rudimentss of direction accounting had become really necessary for doing of decision-successful. Methods of Management Accounting do available all directors, managers, decision makers and finance executive with a applied methodological analysis to understand and implement direction accounts the of import three chief countries are cost accounting, difference cost accounting and answerability accounting. Concentrating a lesser sum of on line point characteristic and more on practical pertinence, this clearly printed and maintained in book that provides cardinal cognition and apprehensions what need to do perfect, end oriented determinations doing. Management accounting chiefly concentrating on cost computations. Cost Performance. Different cost add-ons. Interest Cost. Activity based cost. Variable cost. Duty construction cost. Operating budget. Measuring and describing on existent cost etc†¦ When fiscal directors line directors favour fiscal picks deprived of to the full empathic them, their company lose competitory benefit and are obstructed from attainment their filled possible. Methods of Management Account shelters each and every characteristic of critical country of the administration.Analysis of Management accounting:Vodafone Group PLCWith the aid of direction accounting existent cost direct cost and indirect cost activity done in the administration can be known. Management comptrollers look for to keep up organisation for determination devising by supplying major information sing existent cost done in the administration and the scrutiny of finance activity helps the administration for determination devising. More to state with the aid of direction accounting internal determination devising can be done appropriate To categorise and work out costs of building which helps in managerial determination doing Management accounting brand available to gauge of disbursals and besides gives information about gross coevals, Management history helps in budgeting. It make available informations on where investing pick be able to be basal.It acknowledge drawback of the administration within the organisation and outside of the administration to be in bid of costs and administrate the hard currency flow of the administration. Estimating of Overheads say like fabrication cost. It provides exact fabrication disbursals done for peculiar undertaking. Management Accounting attempt to happen chances say like to do out revenue enhancement interruptions, likely cost investings and actions done in the foreign exchange which perchance will be oppressed by the administration. So on the whole, this sort of accounting lend a manus acknowledge all the of import and chief characteristic upon where a company ‘s judgement are based on. Management accounting helps immeasurably in supervising done in the corporation and is peculiarly helpful for directors for capturing every measure and do a determination semen once more needs to be complete for each and every section. Management accounting non merely calculates the costs other than besides happen out how to costs cut the hereafter disbursals because supplying information about disbursals are really of import for in the least of every concern. With the appropriate of cost accounting procedure pricing technique of inter nexus of the organisation will be better and keep good organisation and competition will be justified. On the other manus, many important capable constructs will be originate that how costs are worn to monetary value put in the land relationship. Say like, how cost calculated and to could you reiterate that size is ordinary cost and its operating expense that are allocated assorted direction accounting theoretical accounts take history of to the full dispersed monetary value and cost methods. Jamison, make available a methodical conversation and probe of assorted and other direction accounting methods. A cardinal unsimilarity flanked by cost theoretical accounts is how cost is created utilizing cost information. Management Accounting is really of import and utile for monetary value determination. For illustration Organization sells assorted merchandises that are really important with different characteristics for this type of merchandises market leaders are traveling to repair the merchandising monetary value taking this in to consideration the pricing determination done in the organisation is straight influenced to that merchandise.Strength and failing of direction AccountingStrength of direction accounting:The most of import input of direction accounting is to extinguish the programme direction. Management accounting, the industry public presentation are maintaining up methodically by manner of well-organized readying and disposal by this means stay off from over operational working in full of activity periods. It makes possible the administration to get the uttermost homecoming on capital supplying good planning. Cost Accounting helps the direction to acquire better its service supplying to the clients by describing to a uninterrupted consequences with all the needed criterions.Weakness of Management Accounting:First, taking sides for the most portion Management Accounting cost are gauging. I can state that it is a spot tough that some may non hold the same sentiment with quantitative constructs. In realistic, direction accounting is second-hand in put together scheme, better optimal use of resources say like Man, Machinery get ready for budget declaration but at a standstill direction accounting may non assist the administration for determination devising. It good thought-out extra method of direction accounting control from side to side scrutiny and observation. This construct limits the major range of Accounting.

Economic Indicators of Oman

Topic: analysis of economic indicators of oman INTRODUCTION Oman,  officially called the  Sultanate  of Oman  is an  Arab  state in southwest Asia on the southeast coast of the  Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by the  United Arab Emirates (UAE) to the northwest,  Saudi Arabia  to the west and  Yemen  to the southwest. The coast is formed by the  Arabian Sea  on the southeast and the  Gulf of Oman  on the northeast.Oman is an absolute monarchy in which the  Sultan of Oman, named Sultan Saeed bin Qaboos,  exercises ultimate authority but its  parliament  has some legislative and oversight powers. In November  2010, the  United Nations Development Programme  (UNDP) listed Oman, from among 135 countries worldwide, as the nation most-improved during the preceding 40  years. According to international indices, it is one of the most developed and stable countries in the  Arab. Oman is a middle-income economy that is heavily dependent on dw indling oil resources.Because of declining reserves and a rapidly growing labor force, Muscat, the capital of Oman has actively pursued a development plan that focuses on diversification, industrialization, and privatization, with the objective of reducing the oil sector's contribution to GDP to 9% by 2020 and creating more jobs to employ the rising numbers of Omanis entering the workforce. Tourism and gas-based industries are key components of the government's diversification strategy.By using enhanced oil recovery techniques, Oman succeeded in increasing oil production, giving the country more time to diversify, and the increase in global oil prices through 2011 provided the government greater financial resources to invest in non-oil sectors. | 2000| 2001| 2002| 2003| 2004| 2005| 2006| 2007| 2008| 2009| 2010| 2011| 2012| Unemployment| –| –| –| –| –| –| –| –| –| –| –| –| –| Inflation|  œ 1. 2| -0. 8| -0. 3| 0. 2| 0. 8| 1. 9| 3. 2| 6. 0| 12. 1| 3. 9| 3. 2| 4. 1| –| GDP growth annual (%)| –| –| 2. 6| 0. 3| 3. 4| 4. | 5. 5| 6. 8| 12. 8| 1. 1| 4. 0| 5. 5| –| GDP real growth (%)| 4. 6| 7. 4| 2. 2| 1. 1| 1. 2| 5. 6| 6. 6| 5. 6| 6. 4| 2| 4. 2| 5. 5| –| Reserves (billion US $)| –| –| 3. 173| 3. 593| 3. 597| 4. 358| 5. 014| 9. 523| 11. 582| 12. 203| 13. 025| 14. 366| –| Tax/GDP (%)| –| –| –| –| –| 19. 50| 20. 30| 21. 60| 21. 60| 21. 60| 21. 60| 22. 0| –| Trade/GDP (%)| –| –| 77. 4| 82. 9| 90. 6| 89. 9| 88. 8| 96. 9| 96. 2| 94. 1| –| –| –| External Debt (billion US $)| 4. 8| 4. 5| 5. 3| 5. 7| 5. 97| 4. 81| 4. 36| 4. 26| 5. 3| 6. 88| 7. 06| 8. 83| 9. 5| Saving/GDP (%)| –| –| 40. 2| 39. 4| 38. 1| 50. 5| 49. 0| 47. 2| 51. 0| –| –| –| –| Real Interest Rate(%)| –| –| 10. 8| 1. 0| -2. 9| -11. 1 | -4. 8| 0. 6| -16. 4| 40. 4| -10. 0| -9. 7| | Exchange rate ($)| 0. 38| 0. 38| 0. 38| 0. 38| 0. 38| 0. 38| 0. 38| 0. 38| 0. 38| 0. 38| 0. 38| 0. 38| 0. 38| ECONOMIC INDICATORS OF OMAN Analysis of the Economic Indicators of Oman 1. Unemployment: percent of the labor force that is without jobs Oman has a population of 2. 981 million, which is rising at around 3. 4% a year. Its labor force is just shy of 1 million.There are no up-to-date unemployment figures available for Oman. Unemployment was estimated at 15% in 2004, but it has been dropping as the ‘Omanization’ program continues to roll out, and is forecasted to drop below 10% within the next five years. The policy of Omanisation aims to replace expatriate workers with locals. 2. Inflation: as measured by the consumer price index reflects the annual percentage change in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a basket of goods and services that may be fixed or changed at specified intervals, such as yearly.Despi te high liquidity, inflation remained low in the range of -1% to 1. 9% during 2001 to 2005, but flared up to an annual rate of (12. 6%) in 2008 compared to a (5. 9%) in 2007 due to high import prices for goods priced in Euro, Japanese Yen and British Pound sterling, and the depreciation of the US Dollar against the world major currencies. Oman’s monetary policy focuses on controlling inflation, which has remained generally modest, partly reflecting the openness of the economy. The government controls the prices of many goods and services through subsidies.Moreover, the government does not resort to monetization of its budget deficits, so there is little inflationary pressure from this source. CPI inflation came down to a manageable rate of 3. 5% in 2009 due to wise monetary and fiscal policies of the government. Omani Riyal is pegged to the US Dollar and as the USA is an important source of imports for Oman, it protects prices from some of the pressures of imported inflation from the USA. The yearly rates of consumer price inflation are expected at (3. 9%) and (2. 9%) in 2010 and 2011, respectively. 3.Gross domestic product: GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. A surge in oil prices since 2003 has resulted in a strong growth of Oman’s economy, which has grown almost two and a half times in size during 2002 to 2008. Nominal GDP grew strongly at the rate of 44% to US$60 billion in 2008 compared to US$41. billion in 2007. Nominal GDP shrank by (-10. 9%) to $53. 4 billion in 2009 due to the global financial and economic crisis and the slump in the world oil market. However, nominal GDP is likely to expand by 16. 6% and 8. 9% to US$62. 3 billion and $67. 8 billion in 2010 and 2011, respecti vely. In real terms, the economy grew at the rate of 3. 4% in 2009 compared to 6. 2% in 2008. The economy is expected to pick up and expand at the rate of 4. 7% each in 2010 and 2011 on the back of the expected global economic recovery and increased world oil demand. 4. Total reservesReserves comprise holdings of monetary gold, special drawing rights, reserves of IMF members held by the IMF, and holdings of foreign exchange under the control of monetary authorities. The gold component of these reserves is valued at year-end (December 31) London prices. Data are in current U. S. dollars. Since 1973 the Omani Riyal (RO) has been pegged to the US dollar. After 10. 2% devaluation in January 1986, it has remained at the level of RO: US$2. 60, which is likely to continue in the medium-term. A relatively low inflation and increasingly tight fiscal policy have helped the government maintain this peg.Total reserves excluding gold stood at US$11. 5 billion at the end of 2008 compared to US$9. 5 billion at the end of 2007. Foreign reserves stood at US$ 11 billion in 2009, which are expected at $11. 1 billion and $11. 5 billion by the end of 2010 and 2011, respectively. 5. Tax/GDP Tax revenue refers to compulsory transfers to the central government for public purposes. Certain compulsory transfers such as fines, penalties, and most social security contributions are excluded. Refunds and corrections of erroneously collected tax revenue are treated as negative revenue.Tax as a percentage of GDP is quite low throughout the years because resources are in abundance to generate wealth, hence revenue from tax is low. 6. Trade/GDP Trade is the sum of exports and imports of goods and services measured as a share of gross domestic product. A high portion of gdp is being utilized in trade. OMAN’S MAIN ITEM OF EXPORTS: petroleum, fish, metals, textiles OMAN’S MAIN ITEM OF IMPORTS: machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, livestock, lubricants 7. Exte rnal Debt This entry gives the total public and private debt owed to nonresidents repayable in foreign currency, goods, or services.These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i. e. , not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. Higher oil prices resulted in huge trade and current account surpluses during 2005 to 2008. A surplus on current account stood at US$ 5. 47 billion (9. 1% of GDP) in 2008 compared to US$2. 59 billion (6. 2% of GDP) in 2007. The economy realized a marginal surplus of $0. 14 billion (0. 3% of GDP) in 2009 due to the global crisis and the slump in the world oil market. However, the economy is expected to realize higher surpluses of $1. 48 billion (2. 4% of GDP) and $2. 4 billion (3. 2% of GDP) in 2010 and 2011, respectively on the back of likely recovery in the global oil market. Bearing in mind the considerable remittances by foreign workers, profit remittances by the foreign partners of Petroleum Development Oman (PDO), as well as those of private sector foreign companies in Oman, there will be a strong positive impact on current account balances. 8. Saving/gdp: shows the ratio of savings and gdp. 9. Real interest rate Interest rate is the cost of borrowing and real interest rate is interest after deducting inflation as measured by the GDP deflator.In 2009, due to the world oil crisis Oman’s economy shrank and therefore its external debt increased as a result there was increase in the cost of borrowing. Therefore the real interest rate rose up to 40% in 2009, also keeping in mind a lower inflation rate of 3. 9%. 10. Exchange rate Exchange rate refers to the exchange rate determined by national authorities or to the rate determined in the legally sanctioned exchange market. It is calculated as an annual average based on monthly averages (local currency units relative to the U. S. dollar).From 1973 to 1986, the rial was pegged to  U. S. dollar  at 1 rial = 2. 895 dollars. In 1986, the rate was changed to 1 rial = 2. 6008 dollars,  which translates to approximately 1 dollar = 0. 384497 rial. The Central Bank buys U. S. dollars at 0. 384 rial, and sell U. S. dollars at 0. 385 rial. Now it is the third highest. Oman has a strong currency which may have the following disadvantages assuming all factors remaining constant: 1. The lower price of imports leads to consumers increasing their demand and this can cause a large trade deficit.Exporters lose  price competitiveness  because they will find it more expensive to sell in foreign markets and face losing market share – this can damage profits and employment in some sectors and industries. 2. If exports fall, this causes a reduction in aggregate demand and reduces the short-term rate economic growth as measured by the % change in real GDP. 3. Because investment is partly dependent on the strength of demand, if exports fall, then so will business confidence and capital investment. SOURCES: 1. http://www. gulfbase. com 2. http://www. index mundi. com 3. http://www. worldbank. org/

Reflections on Bach essays

Reflections on Bach essays Bach's Cello Suites survive in only two handwritten copies, one by a student, the other in the notebooks of Bach's wife, Anna Magdalena; however, both people were extremely careless when copying Bach's bowings, and this is part of the reason why so many contradictory bowings exist today. For example, in the Gigue of the Third Suite some editions use a detached bowing for each note, while other cellists prefer a more connected and flowing bow.. The latter lacks the liveliness the first bowing gives the piece, but the sound is more resonant and is more appealing to the audience in a large hall. The polyphonic nature of the pieces is another point worth considering when deciding the bowings, since a wrong bowing might incorrectly interpret a two-part counterpoint passage as a melodic phrase. This is evident in the Prelude of the Third Suite, where alternation of high and low notes appears throughout. Of all the editions I have played, none successfully compromises between the multi-voi ce texture and technical difficulties. One edition preserved the polyphonic nature by using one bow for each voice, but brought inextricable difficulties. Since the lower voice, which provided the harmony for the upper voice, mainly consisted of passages twice as long as the upper voice, the bow needed to go slower on the lower passages and faster on the upper ones, while at the same time the sound quality had to be maintained on both voices. The simplest solution to technical problems is to use a separate bow on each note, which is what one of the other editions I used did, but in doing so the polyphonic contrast has to be sacrificed. Another fault of the latter edition is that when changing the bow, a slight unwanted noise is produced if the performer eases his caution even slightly; on an inferior instrument like the one I use, unwanted noises are amplified along with the proper sounds, resulting in a not entirely pleasant experience both on the listener...

Handles and Hinges Ltd Essay Example

Handles and Hinges Ltd Essay Example Handles and Hinges Ltd Essay Handles and Hinges Ltd Essay Introduction :Handles and Hinges Ltd HH was established in Birmingham, England, by two young entrepreneurs, Dave Philips and Chris Agnew, both experienced in the hardware trade. The business specialized in the ‘designer’ market for polished metal (brass or stainless steel) door handles, cupboard knobs, furniture fittings (mostly used in shop/office furniture) and hinges. Their company was successful, was based on HH’s reputation for high-quality, unique designs of both traditional and modern products, many of which were selected and specified by architects for large and prestigious projects such as new office developments in London’s Docklands. Dave, the Chief Executive Officer, with responsibility for sales, believed that most orders from construction companies were placed with HH because they assumed they had no other choice once the HH products had been specified. Larger companies would sometimes suggest to the architect MARKETING PERSPECTIVE . Carefully examine the marketing method/processes/approaches by HH 2. Observe the strategic marketing plan such that the products can be improved to meet customer needs and requirements 3. How does the company compete in its market place, and what is the role of ‘quality’ in its competitive strategy? Discussions with Chris (the Manufacturing Director) put a different perspective on the problem: ‘The sales catalogue shows pictures of our products prepared for photography; special effects are used to give a bright polished finish but we actually use a matt finish. : The samples used by Sales are specially made by experienced craftsmen to eliminate any scratching or minor faults; of course, we cannot always repeat that standard with the modern batch production methods. ‘We were aware that the reorganization of production methods could lead to quality problems, so I introduced statistical control, a subject I studied extensively in a quantitative methods course at the local college. Our inspectors now take random samples of batches of components and measure important dimensions such as the diameter or length of brass handles, the thickness of the incoming materials, etc. Batches which fail are either rejected or reworked, and all material where we have identified any fault at all is returned to the supplier, and our buyers routinely threaten to place orders elsewhere. I instructed the supervisors to inspect press tooling just before the start of each production batch to ensure that there are no surface faults, so I think it is unlikely that the dents and blemishes are caused in production. I must make a point of checking that this is happening. Anyway, our final inspection sampling has been changed to give an acceptable quality level (AQL) of 2 per cent whereas until recently it was only 5 per cent. We have had to increase the number of final inspectors by four at a cost of ? 15 000 each per annum, but all the management team agrees that with quality products we must be confident of the final quality before packing. We trained some of our best assemblers in SPC and made them full-time inspectors; the combination of their technical and statistical skills ensures that we have the right people for this job. We could not rely on our operators to do any dimensional checks; hardly any of them know how to measure using a metric rule, let alone a micrometer or vernier gauge. It is best to keep them concentrating on achieving correct output targets. I believe that most quality problems here must be caused by occasional operator carelessness. ‘The batch method of production has given us much more control over operations. No longer do we have to rely on hard-to-recruit craftsmen who did everything slowly and unpredictably. Now we make the most of economic batches at each stage, benefiting from the economies of scale of longer runs and cheaper unskilled labour. With incentive bonuses based on effective performance against agreed standard times, all our people are working faster to achieve the company’s goal of higher productivity. There is no doubt that our operations are now more productive than they’ve ever been. With high quality and low costs, we are now set for a major assault on the competition. We expect our profits to rise dramatically from the currently inadequate 1 per cent return on sales. ’

Resume writing tips for 2018

Resume writing tips for 2018 Are you looking to take your job hunt to the next level this year? If so, then every aspect of your game needs to be razor sharp- especially your resume. Why is this so important? Along with your cover letter, your resume will serve as your first impression to prospective employers, hiring managers, and HR personnel, and we’re all aware of the lasting power of first impressions. Ask any seasoned professional who’s responsible for reviewing the resumes of potential hires and they’d most likely be able to share a laundry list of hilarious- and tragic- resume missteps and mistakes that sunk the chances of their creators before they ever had the chance to show what they’re capable of. Forbes even published an article about some of the more outlandish resume tricks that they’ve come across. These include:One candidate who sent his resume in the form of an oversized Rubik’s Cube, where you had to push the tiles around to align the resume.A job seek er who applied for a food and beverage management position sent a resume in the form of a fine-dining menu.An applicant created a marketing brochure promoting herself as the best candidate.Another job applicant crafted his resume to look like Google search results for the â€Å"perfect candidate.†Outlandish moves like these are always a big risk when sending out your resume- the truth is, sometimes they can serve to make you stand out from a crowd in a good way, but other times they’ll only serve to have your resume laughed all the way to the garbage can or trash folder. Are you willing to accept such a risk?The Forbes article also mentioned that â€Å"one-in-five HR managers reported that they spend less than 30 seconds reviewing applications and around 40% spend less than one minute,† so your window of opportunity for making a good impression is likely slim, to say the least. When creating a resume, there’s little room for error and a misstep can be cos tly.Your best bet here is to apply the principles of effective resume writing that have proven themselves to work time and time again. Great Resumes Fast recently published an article on the best resume writing tips for 2018- these sound principles hold true regardless of whether you’re trying to land your very first job or you’re a seasoned professional looking to reach the pinnacle of your career ladder.Consider using the following resume dos and don’ts when you’re crafting your next resume, and you’ll be setting yourself up to make a great impression on your next job hunt.Resume DosDefine your goals: What is your primary goal for your next big job hunt? Sure, it’s a big question, but it’s one worth asking yourself and answering before you start working on your resume. Why? Your primary goal will be your â€Å"guiding compass† as you craft your resume- everything from your objective to the keywords you use should be targeted towards the industry and position you’re hoping to nail down. Without a primary goal, your resume may come off as unfocused or ambiguous, two qualities that won’t score you any points with hiring managers. Great Resumes Fast suggests asking yourself the following questions when trying to define your purpose and goals:What vision do you have for your career over the next 1, 3, 5, or 10 years?Which values are driving your goals?What’s your purpose?What are you passionate about?Why do you do  what  you do?Target your audience: Once you define your goals, you should be able to articulate a clear vision of your resume’s intended audience- these are the companies, industries, and insiders that you’ve targeted to help you achieve your goals. Great Resumes Fast suggests asking yourself the following questions when trying to define your audience:Are their specific companies I’m interested in?Am I aiming to secure a position in a specific industry ?What advantage or benefit does this position bring to their business?What will the company be lacking or missing if there’s no one in this position?Consider some of the struggles and obstacles facing the employer and the industry. Make a list of the most critical ones, and reflect on times in the past when you’ve confronted similar challenges.Define your value proposition: Once you’ve targeted your audience, you can use your resume (and subsequent interviews) to identify their issues and needs and demonstrate how you can help address them- your unique value proposition. Ask yourself the following questions when trying to define your value proposition:What benefit or contribution do you add?What key accomplishments or successes have you delivered time and time again?What would you say is unique about yourself and how you do what you do?What are your greatest strengths?Reach out to friends, family, and your network and ask them which words they would use to descr ibe you.What do others see as the value you add?Read through your LinkedIn recommendations and past performance evaluations and look for themes. When you put similar words and phrases together what picture do you get?What do others say are your greatest strengths?How do others describe you?What do your boss, team, and direct reports come to you for on a regular basis?Define what makes you stand out: The truth is, for every position you decide to go after you’ll be going up against a slew of qualified and capable individuals. Therefore, your mission is to convince those who come across your resume that you possess certain attributes that make you stand out positively from the job-hunting pack. Ask yourself the following questions when trying to communicate on your resume what makes you stand out:How have you positively influenced others?What would others say is fascinating, compelling, or interesting about you?What benefit would an employer or company get from choosing you ove r another candidate?What benefit or value did you bring to your previous employers?Resume Don’tsAvoid the red flags: If you want to be taken seriously by hiring personnel and prospective employers, there are just some things that should not be a part of any resume- for any position- period. This includes weird email addresses, nicknames, any dubious distinctions (no one cares that you were a beer drinking champion in college), or creepy or disturbing work experiences or accomplishments. Remember, you want the first impression that you give off to be that you’re a polished and capable professional who could potentially add real valuable to your target companies’ teams.Don’t get too cute: Sure, we’ve said before that you want to try to stand out from the rest of the job-hunting pack, but doing so by using wacky and colorful fonts or paper or utilizing a too-cute but ultimately confusing resume format will only detract from your perception as a compet ent and mature professional. Unless it’s standard practice in your industry, or you’re asked specifically to take a creative approach to applying for a particular job, stick to the traditional format and let the content of your resume serve to make you stand out from the crowd.Don’t let mistakes take you out: The people who’ll read your resume are likely seasoned professionals with plenty of experience, and you better believe that they’ll be able to laser focus on any typo, error, or mistake you leave behind- and when they’re uncovered, the chances of your being seriously considered for the job will likely plummet. Do yourself a huge favor and check and double-check your resume for errors before you send it out. Better yet, have someone you trust check your work; a second fresh set of eyes is always a good idea.There you have it- use these tips when you’re writing your next resume, and you’ll be in great shape to make 2018 your year for earning your next big career opportunity.

Leadership Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Leadership - Term Paper Example They provide a sense of direction and guidance, which the rest follow to the latter in order for the organization to achieve its intended results. In essence, the major requirement in being an effective team leader is ones ability to communicate with the team members in a manner that will not offend them. This means that the leader needs to value the rest of the team players and be an equal participant in the work process. As a result, the essence of this paper will be to evaluate the behaviors of a leader with whom I have worked with previously. The name of this leader in this paper will be ‘Martin Luther’. 1. Ohio State University – Initiating Structure and Consideration Behavior Leadership Style Research at this institution identified two styles of leadership that were applicable in the day-to-day running of organizations. First, they argued that one style of leadership would be consideration. This meant that this type of leader showed interest in the team memb ers and regarded them with utter respect. To this type of leader looking out for the well being of the team members was the overall quest. In addition, this leader shows gratitude and supports the junior staff to ensure that the group meets target. On the other hand, they adopted the initiating structure kind of leadership whose focus was on the performance of the tasks by clearly defining his roles and those of the followers. For this leader, the attainment of the set goal becomes the primary factor to which he establishes the channels of communication towards results attainment. In comparison, the consideration leader is friendly and approachable, but the task-oriented kind of leader only interacts with the followers when he/she is delegating the duties and tasks. In essence, Martin Luther was consideration kind of leader to the team as he treated all the members of the team with high regard. This enabled the team to feel appreciated and valued and that all their efforts were comm endable. Martin was accessible to the team members in case we needed any form of work related assistance, as he was willing to help at any time. Another positive attribute that he had was that he showed the willingness to adapt to any form of change, which also made the team’s transition process to changes relatively easy (Collins, 2001). In addition, he treated all the team members equally by looking out for our interests without favoritism or bias. Usually, he would consult with the team members before executing any task so that he could make sure that everyone was comfortable with the implementation plan. Remarkably, he was keen on explaining the actions that he took or intended to take which made the team feel like family. His style of leadership according to the Ohio State University model proved effective, as our department was the best in performance and output. 2. Expectancy Theory of Motivation This theory states that individuals will decide on certain behavior becau se of the motivation given towards the selection of a certain behavior ‘due to the possible outcome expected. These individuals choose this one behavior out of a number of behaviors. Essentially, this theory encourages organizations to reward performance by ensuring that the team members de3serve and appreciate the rewards. This theory depicts the behavioral process in which individuals decide on one behavioral option over the others. It gives the explanation as to why they make these choices to attain the product. The

My spring break Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

My spring break - Essay Example Immediately after finishing my mathematics exam, I packed my books and other learning materials and rushed for my Friday prayers. I hurriedly changed my clothes and went to Melbourne Florida to visit my uncle. I was accompanied with my cousins who were also eager to go to Melbourne for their first time. My uncle is a very hospitable and likable man who would create time for young people and visiting him was a great opportunity for me to socialize with a wise man who has time for young people. I had not seen my uncle for the last 7 years and I was not sure how much he had changed in terms of physique and age because I understand that old people age very fast. I really love swimming and cycling. They are actually my favorite sports and hobby. However, listening to smooth songs especially RnB as well as some cultural music relaxes my mind. Every evening after studies and hard work, music usually soothes me and provides me with the perfect peace of mind. Moreover, I really like travelling because it makes me learn more in terms of cultures, technological improvements, and geographical features. I was therefore looking forward to enjoying myself to the fullest at my uncle’s place. He also loved music, riding and swimming during his free time. No wonder he looked younger than his age and stayed youthful. In Melbourne, we enjoyed staying with my uncle’s welcoming family and interacted a lot concerning world politics, Europe soccer and other wonderful things that made our stay enjoyable. We played games with my uncle’s children who later took us around the beautiful Melbourne region for the three days we spent in there afte r having a great time in their garden. My first day at uncle’s place in Melbourne, we went gardening with him after retiring from job. He told me gardening is one of the things he loves doing because of his passion towards

Dual task experiment proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dual task experiment proposal - Essay Example Therefore determination of the effectiveness of dual or multiple tasks over single task is very important in many areas. It is interested to know whether someone can perform multiple and single auditory tasks with similar effectiveness. The objective of this study is to measure the effectiveness of dual auditory tasks against single auditory task. The hypothesis is effectiveness of a single auditory task is significantly higher than that of the dual auditory tasks. It is expected to find out the human ability to correctly understand and interpret two verbal messages when heard simultaneously compared to separate events. In general these findings will be helpful to understand the divided attention in auditory tasks and thereby minimize human errors in critical situations. Equipment: This experiment requires two IPod players, one with a 3-minute news broadcast containing 5 news items and one with a 3-minute meaningful song consisted of 4 stanzas, which had not been heard by the subjects before (both in English). Subjects are 60 undergraduates 30 males and 30 females between the ages 18 to 25, randomly selected from Johns Hopkins undergraduate students. Persons having any type of hearing loss or mental illness or who cannot understand the English language are excluded. Fifteen males and 15 females are selected randomly from the total sample for the controlled group and the rest is considered as the experimental group. All the participants are given a reference number. Procedure: This experiment is performed in a classroom with a quiet environment. Firstly, the controls are advised to seat in the class room and a question paper is given to list out news items and the meaning of the each stanza in the song. Then the song is played for 3 minutes and at the end 5 minutes time is allocated to write the meaning of the stanzas. Then the news broadcast is played and another 5 minutes time is provided to

INTRO INTO LAW ENFORCEMENT UNIT 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

INTRO INTO LAW ENFORCEMENT UNIT 3 - Assignment Example Finally it aims at preparing some senior officers for greater roles in their service to the nation (Kratcoski, P. C., & Das, D. K. 2007). The program has a total of four progressive phases which should take a total of seventy days as well as the Daily Observation Reports (D.O.R) which requires a total of fifty five days. The base model for the program was modeled after San Jose FTEP and it is important to establish the fact that the program may vary from one department to another depending on the nature of work and geographical location. Phase I is made which is regarded as the limbo time, takes a total of five working days and is meant to allow the trainer to familiarize him/herself with the trainer. Phase II is for the trainee to be evaluated by the senior Field Training Officer, it takes a total of five working days. Phase III is known as shadow time and also makes a total of five days. Phase IV which is further subdivided into three smaller segment, is made up of seven working days of which five days need one to have completed DOR. Phase V which forms the final phase forms the balance of the 365 day of the entire probation period. Field training program is a basic requirement by the Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies for all organizations that are considering to be accredited. The program is of great advantage in the sense that it offers a means through non-performing officers can be identified and relieved off their duties. It further minimizes civil litigation which relates to non-criminal offences. Analyzing the jobs of the policing officers is not an easy task in the sense that it is difficult to understand the relationship between the officers and the community hence feedback from the community cannot be used as an accurate measure of the effectiveness of the program. The program may affect affirmative actions efforts since it considers the performance of the Field Training

Human resource management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Human resource management - Essay Example Recruitment and selection Hiring and firing forms one of the basic and core functions of HR practitioners. It mainly deals with identifying potential applicants for present as well as future openings. They are also involved in assessment and evaluation so that efficient placement and selection decisions are made. Establishing procedures and policies for recruitment and hiring in another area dealt with the HR managers in an organization (Tyson, 1995). 2. Benefits and compensation The second core function handled by HR department is compensation and benefits management. Their job is providing a rational method for determination of right payment for right jobs. Since it is a critical component of the business, the function is entirely managed by HR managers. It is also related to employee development and incentive program. 3. Training and development Training and development is another vital function in an organization. The HR practitioners are involved in creating training and develop ment programs which are aimed at solving issues such as employee performance, skills enhancement, increasing expertise and overall personality etc (Chan and Scott-Ladd, 2004). HR managers have special expertise in program evaluation and unlike other managers; they are able to utilize employee feedback in a better manner. Training and development is an important function which assures that employees are capable of job performance at acceptable levels (Nasiripour and Kazemi, 2012). 4. Performance management Performance management is the ability to effectively manage the overall performance of employees in an organization. Implementation and establishment of a complete performance management program is an essential function. Designing the process, reviewing, maintaining and effective monitoring is a challenging task and requires expertise. Coaching managers about the use and implementation of performance management programs is also an essential function of the HR team (Hughes and Rog, 2008). Literature The current business environment is dominated by globalization and internationalization. Organizations have become multinational and cross-cultural teams are common in firms. The current challenge of HR practitioners is to create new strategies and meet the ever increasing expectations and challenges as a result of the continuous evolution. They are also expected to create and add value to the organization. In the following sections external and internal factors and their effect on the overall HR functions will be discussed. Influence of external factors on HR functions Political In political terms, the external factors which can influence the work of HR practitioners as well as HRM functions are trade unions. Trade unions are officially recognized employee associations, joined together as a collective and united front voice in order to deal with management issues. The objective behind these trade unions is to secure the economic and social interest and well-being of the members of the organizations. Since trade unions become an additional party in relationship between employees and the company, they are considered as external influencing factors (Jackson and Schuler, 1995).Various laws are associated with union laws. Trade unions affect the HR laws and functions in various ways. Management has less flexibility and discretion while administering and implementing HR procedures, policies and practices while communicating with unionized

Job Application Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Job Application Questions - Essay Example I respond to daily inquires by telephone and in written correspondence. Most of this communication explains why a claim was denied. To appropriately identify whether a claim was denied in error I reference CPD/CSC desk procedures to research each denial. For instance, if a claim was denied for a code196, surgery not authorized in ASC, I reference the CPD/CSC desk procedures to research whether the code is found in Tricare’s ASC list and in Medicare’s list. I then use the X-code job aide to verify the correct code was used to process the claim. The CHAMPVA policies and regulations are designed to outline the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). Medicare, Tricare, and CHAMPVA follow rules and regulations listed in the CFR. CHAMPVA follows Tricare’s policy, guidelines, and allowable rates. As a CSR it is important for me to cite various federal codes to providers, sponsors, and beneficiaries. This is especially true when it comes to timely filing, allowable rates, and cost sharing given that these are the areas that are most often appealed. For instance, the Code of Federal Regulations (38 CFR 17.275) outlines a claim filing deadline. With CHAMPVA it is one year from date of service (DOS) for outpatient services but for inpatient services it is one year from discharge date. In the case of retroactive approval, it is 180 days following beneficiary notification of authorization. In the 38 CFR 17.276 outline the appeal and review process for CHAMPVA for claim denials, providers and beneficiaries have one year from denial date to submit an appeal, and 90 days to submit a second level appeal after the initial appeal denial. I use EncoderPro for Internet sufficient research to evaluate sources and appropriately analyze information. To properly answer calls on whether a benefit is covered, using EncoderPro helps me navigate the CHAMPVA policy manual to find the

Human resource management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Human resource management - Essay Example Recruitment and selection Hiring and firing forms one of the basic and core functions of HR practitioners. It mainly deals with identifying potential applicants for present as well as future openings. They are also involved in assessment and evaluation so that efficient placement and selection decisions are made. Establishing procedures and policies for recruitment and hiring in another area dealt with the HR managers in an organization (Tyson, 1995). 2. Benefits and compensation The second core function handled by HR department is compensation and benefits management. Their job is providing a rational method for determination of right payment for right jobs. Since it is a critical component of the business, the function is entirely managed by HR managers. It is also related to employee development and incentive program. 3. Training and development Training and development is another vital function in an organization. The HR practitioners are involved in creating training and develop ment programs which are aimed at solving issues such as employee performance, skills enhancement, increasing expertise and overall personality etc (Chan and Scott-Ladd, 2004). HR managers have special expertise in program evaluation and unlike other managers; they are able to utilize employee feedback in a better manner. Training and development is an important function which assures that employees are capable of job performance at acceptable levels (Nasiripour and Kazemi, 2012). 4. Performance management Performance management is the ability to effectively manage the overall performance of employees in an organization. Implementation and establishment of a complete performance management program is an essential function. Designing the process, reviewing, maintaining and effective monitoring is a challenging task and requires expertise. Coaching managers about the use and implementation of performance management programs is also an essential function of the HR team (Hughes and Rog, 2008). Literature The current business environment is dominated by globalization and internationalization. Organizations have become multinational and cross-cultural teams are common in firms. The current challenge of HR practitioners is to create new strategies and meet the ever increasing expectations and challenges as a result of the continuous evolution. They are also expected to create and add value to the organization. In the following sections external and internal factors and their effect on the overall HR functions will be discussed. Influence of external factors on HR functions Political In political terms, the external factors which can influence the work of HR practitioners as well as HRM functions are trade unions. Trade unions are officially recognized employee associations, joined together as a collective and united front voice in order to deal with management issues. The objective behind these trade unions is to secure the economic and social interest and well-being of the members of the organizations. Since trade unions become an additional party in relationship between employees and the company, they are considered as external influencing factors (Jackson and Schuler, 1995).Various laws are associated with union laws. Trade unions affect the HR laws and functions in various ways. Management has less flexibility and discretion while administering and implementing HR procedures, policies and practices while communicating with unionized

Increase in energy Essay Example for Free

Increase in energy Essay Introduction Resistance is the opposition a component has on the flow of current and it is measured in Ohms. Resistance occurs as the electrons move along the wire they collide with the metal atoms. These collisions make the atoms vibrate more, which make the metal hotter, they also slow down the flow of electrons causing resistance. Resistance is a measure of how hard it is for the electrons to move through the wire. There are four factors that affect resistance in a wire. They are: 1. Temperature: If the wire is heated up the atoms in the wire will start to vibrate because of their increase in energy. This causes more collisions between the electrons and the atoms as, the atoms are moving into the way of the electrons. This increase in collisions means that the resistance of the wire will also increase. 2. Material: The type of material will affect the amount of free electrons which are able to flow through the wire, if the material has very few atoms then there will be high number of electrons causing a lower resistance because the electrons would have less collisions making it easier for the current to flow. But if there were few free electrons there would be more atoms packed closely together making it more difficult for the electrons to pass. 3. Wire length: If the wire is longer, then the resistance will be higher because the electrons will have a longer distance to travel and so more collisions will occur. Because of this the length increase should be proportional to the resistance increase. 4. Cross-Sectional Area of the Wire: If the wires width is increased the resistance will decrease. This is because of the increase in the space for the electrons to travel through. Because this increased space between the atoms there should be fewer collisions, and more current will flow. Resistance can be calculated using this formula R = V/I. Resistance can be useful in filament lamps and toasters, because if there was no resistance then the wire would not get hot and there would be no light and no toast. But on the other hand in very big power lines you do not want to waste any electricity in heating up the power lines. That is why in the National Grid they use very wide wires so that there are fewer collisions between the electrons and the metal atoms, thats why the electricity is transmitted at high voltage and low current. This causes less resistance and less power is lost. Aim In this experiment I am going to be investigating what effect changing the cross-sectional area has on the resistance of a wire. Input variables are the things which can be changed in an experiment. In My experiment the input variables are going to be the cross-sectional area of the wire this will be varied from thicker to thinner. Output variables are things which are predetermined the input variables. In my experiment the output variables are amperes and volts, and these measurements will be used to calculate resistance. My circuit will include a power supply, wires, an ammeter, a voltmeter, and the subject wire. To make this experiment a fair test I am going to keep the voltage to 3 volts, and keep the length of wire to 20 cm. I am not going to change the wires, ammeters and voltmeter. And I am also not going to change any of the other factors only the cross-sectional area of the subject wire. Prediction. I predict that if the cross-sectional area of the wire decreases then the resistance will increase in proportion to the cross-sectional area. I think this because of my prior scientific knowledge which shows that the wider the wire the more electrons that will be able to flow through them and the less collisions. But in a thinner wire there is less space for the electrons to move therefore more collisions. My tables and graphs should support my prediction. Apparatus list:   Power Supply used to supply an electrical current and voltage   An Ammeter- used to measure current in amps, connected in series. A Voltmeter- used to measure voltage. Connected in parallel.   Two different thicknesses of Nichrome wire- used to experiment on.   Two different thicknesses of Constantan wire- used to experiment on Meter ruler- used to keep the wire to 20 cm long.   2 crocodile clips- used to connect the subject wire to the circuit.   Connecting wires- to connect all the components. Safety I have decided to take some safety precautions by Keeping the voltage at 3 volts because 4 is dangerous, being careful when connecting the wires and while handling the live subject wire. I also wore goggles and used heat proof mats to prevent the live wire from burning the table. Method 1. Firstly I am going to connect the voltmeter to the Power supply. 2. Connect up all the wires. 3. Connect the ammeter. 4. Use crocodile clips to connect the subject wire. 5. Turn the power supply on to 3 volts. 6. The circuit should look like my diagram in the aim. 7. Write down the readings on the ammeter and voltmeter. 8. Repeat for all the thicknesses of wire. 9. After all the wires have been done create a table and calculate the resistance of each wire. 10. Lastly repeat all steps 2 times for reliable results. 11. And find the averages for the results you have collected. Preliminary Work I have decided to use 20 cm of wire as it seemed a sensible length. I also determined to use 3 volts, because 4 volts melted the wire, and 3 seemed a reasonable, safer alternative. I experimented on which of the two materials to use. (Nichrome or Constantan). I compared results on two different thickness SWG 32 and SWG 26 and recorded this information in three tables and three graphs.

Clubhouse Facilities For The Youth Physical Education Essay

Clubhouse Facilities For The Youth Physical Education Essay Young people are trying to make an impact and make a positive transition to adulthood. This research will provide an over view of what facilities the youth need and want. Out of school services for the youth is essential. Youth are concerned about not having enough facilities for them. Most youths even use this as an excuse when they end up in trouble. When most youths are asked what problems they go through they tend to say boredom and nothing to do For the purpose of this research clubhouse will be defined as an enclosed space used for regular gathering for different purposes these being leisure and social purposes. Youths need to progress from childhood to adulthood therefore clubhouses can play a role in the development of such services to them. Lack of youth facilities are the main barriers towards youths involvement in recreational activities. Clubhouses are an ideal place to meet friends and socialize. Sports activities, fitness centers music clubs and the likes can all be incorporated into a clubhouse. Problem Statement Most clubhouses in Malaysia do not have facilities for the youth. The youth are increasing in population and a need for an environment for them to interact and grow in a responsible but monitored way is of importance. This intern would help reduce crime, drug abuse and other mischief the youths engage in. Scope of Research Most clubhouses in Negeri Sembilan do not accommodate for an eco-friendly environment and youth facilities. The aim of this research is to improve the design of clubhouses so as to also cater for the youth in and around Malaysia. This will be done by a comparison of clubhouse facilities in Negeri Sembilan. Negeri Sembilan will be ideal because it is the state which has the highest number of clubhouses in Malaysia. Research Purpose The purpose of this research is to identify and investigate facilities offered by clubhouses. This information can then be used for the design of an environmentally friendly and eco- conscious clubhouse for the youth. The research will take into consideration two issues Whether existing clubhouses accommodate for the youth And what facilities would be appropriate and engaging for the youth This will be done through reviewing existing clubhouses and analyzing leisure trends for the youth. Research Objectives Identify the required comfortable facilities of a clubhouse Investigate and evaluate the suitability of current or existing facilities of a clubhouse To identify the requirements to develop a clubhouse which can meet the current and future demands of the youth. Recommend the required or proper facilities to be applied for the youth and determine strategies that will help these clubhouses meet youths needs Research Questions Why do clubhouses not accommodate for the youth? What do the youth have to say about it? Will the availability of clubhouse youth facilities improve youth behavior and encourage the young adults? What eco-friendly facilities do the youths need? Does the community think youth facilities are necessary and important for the development of the youth How many youths would actually use the clubhouse facilities? How eco-friendly are the facilities in existing clubhouses Hypothesis the hypothesis throughtout this research is h0 Non participation by youth in youth activities can be related to the inadequacy of existing clubhouses dealing with the provision of youth facilities h1 Availability Youth facilities in accordance to youths needs and wants are linked to a range of positive outcomes from the youth. h3 the lack of youth facilities for the youth in Negeri Sembilan leads to the youths neglecting the existing clubhouse facilities. Methodology Audit of existing clubhouse facilities Analysis of clubhouse sites Review reports and studies Analysis of sport, recreational and social trends influencing the youth Survey of clubhouse organizations Community survey (questionaires) Group meetings with young adults(youths) Conclusion This chapter has attempted to expose the main problem underpinning the research. As the reasearcher I am left with several questions that specific answers are being sought. The following chapters will help me derive answers and conclusions or recoomodation for the question raised by the research questions C:UsersThe Beauty clinicDownloadslinton.jpg C:UsersThe Beauty clinicDownloadscoventry Names Ruth Rumbidzai Mataswa Matric card number Cuadt4-09/09-00026 Subject Design And Project Implement (Workshop) Title Research Proposal Lecturer Ms.Lin Yola CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW Defining Youth Clubhouse Facility Clubhouse Guidelines Youth Facilities Youth Facility Planning Framework Planning of Youth Facilities Classification of Youth Facilities Introduction Introduction A clubhouse is a building or an area used for social or recreational purposes and activities. It gives individuals the opportunity to relax and exercise their interests and abilities.They are several clubhouses in Negeri Sembilan a state in Malaysia. The initiative aims is to enhance opportunity for young adults to become physically active through the development of a eco-friendly leisure environment. Identifying the impact and factors that affect participation in leisure centres and focusing on actions that can be taken to improve participation can be done through exploring key concepts.Attending leisure centres is important inorder to maintain health and slowing down the deterioration of an individuals body and mind.. A club house arises from the necessity to create a public facility, the purpose of the club house is to provide opportunity for young adults ages 18-25 to experience an eco friendly environment and encourage interaction amoung each other.As Young adults are dealing with identity and purpose, a club house will serve as a community and entertainment area for them. A clubhouse has the potential to reshape orientation for young adults in several ways. This would motivate young adults to not get involved in crime, and instead join and meet together and encourage each other. The size and arrangement of spaces within the facility and the siting of the building should support and optimize the operation of the clubhouses activities. The primary purpose of a club house is to create and provide opportunity for the community to pursue their recreational interests. It also important to improve the physical environment and its accessibility AIM OF CLUBHOUSE The club house should achieve three goals Control and support activities in an eco friendly environment for the community Amenity for the community Service to the community A clubhouse should be accessible to as many community patrons as feasible. It should be visible from main circulation of the community, to increase accessibility.There are many aspects to a good club house but mainly it should serve the current and future needs of the club, culture, ability and gender. It should also be attractive, high quality, efficient and economical.The success of the clubhouse will depend on the responsiveness of its activity mix to the wishes of the community population, and to the effectiveness of the clubhouses internal organization and its location in the community. 2.0 The first stage for this review is to clarify from the literature the utilization of every of the terms. in this case definition of the youth, facilities, clubhouse and definition of a youth clubhouse DEFINING 2.1 YOUTH The United Nations General Assembly defines Youth as the persons falling between the ages of 15 24 years inclusive9.( UN Convention on the Rights of the Child.) The emerging of a new interim of social status between childhood and adulthood.(Jensen Rojek, 1998). The concept of adolescence has also been referred to in the literature as youth. From this perspective, it is apparent that youth are a uniquely separate group, requiring special attention to their needs as they move through this critical development period called adolescence (Siegel Welsh, 2005). It is felt that this is the right age and stage where the youth should be shaped and molded into responsible adults (Jensen Rojek, 1998, p37). In Malaysia, Putrajaya the youth are defined as the persons of age 18 and 25 under the new national Youth policy. Sports Minister Datuk Seri Ahmad Shabery Cheek just recently confirmed the change of youth definition from 18 40 years to 18-25 years this was done in accordance to international standards. United Nations defines youth as 15 to 24years whilst Common wealth defines it as 15 to 29 years. According to these literatures it is clear that the youth are considered to be those persons aged between 15 and 24 years, and from my perspective, I think the youth need attention as they develop. Youth is generally the time of life between childhood and adulthood (maturity) Among other youth related issues, the World Program of Action for Youth to the year 2000 and beyond identifies several issues that should be of high priority to Government and what the government are expected to offer the youth. Leisure time activities, is in the top ten of their highest priority. This brings us to the literature of leisure activities, which in this case can be achieved through the use of clubhouses. 2.1.1 FACILITY Something that creates the potential of better performance of any action; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ freedom from difficulty; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ ease; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ a building or complex of buildings, designed for a particular purpose, as for the holding of a sporting contest 2.1.2 CLUBHOUSE Is a building or enclosed area used as a regular gathering place by a group of people Community centre where community members gather for group activities, social support, public information and other purposes. Youth clubhouse: it is popularly known as a youth centre,it is an area where youth gather for recreational and leisure activities The youth centers are integrated into the mainstream community centers and have deliberately been not built as stand alone youth facilities. (Paul Leung) The International Clubhouse Coordination and Development helps support and coordinate the development of clubhouses, and helps coordinate training and on-going technical support on the club model through club training. It was established in 1994 and is bases in Asia, Australia, Europe, and North America. The ICCD maintains associate international certification process (ICCD Certification),a fidelity live, and a set of International Standards for club Programs. ICCD certification may be a clear demonstration of a clubhouses quality and commitment to excellence, associated provides an objective analysis of quality associated performance and an enlarged awareness of a clubhouses strengths and needs. The ICCD also provides technical help for stakeholders seeking to implement the model, a shift employment development program and may be a clearinghouse for clubhouse information. The Program for building analysis (PCR) at the University of Massachusetts graduate school conducts research relating to building effectiveness also as quality improvement efforts. One endeavor at the PCR is conducting a comprehensive survey of clubhouses affiliated with the ICCD for functions of quality assurance and program improvement. building administrators complete the survey designed to get info regarding the ways during which clubhouses opportunities for their members as well as individual outcomes for members utilizing clubhouse employment opportunities. The International Survey of Clubhouses seeks to look at and improve services provided in building programs affiliated with the International Center for building Development. One implicit goal underlying the International Survey of Clubhouses involves strengthening program infrastructure each by increasing the capability of clubhouses to gather valid and reliable info on a timely basis. The International Survey of Clubhouses seeks a range of knowledge regarding building characteristics, governance and administration, membership, staffing and staff credentials, unit structure, employment, housing activities, services, and participation in building training. 2.2 CLUBHOUSE GUIDELINES Careful planning of the accommodation is essential to confirm a roaring theme and special consideration ought to be given to the following points: The accommodation may be expanded to include: club/committee room offices restaurants fitness centre exercise studio physic treatment and first aid room bar and lounge dining area other social and indoor sports accommodation Library grounds maintenance store computer room However having these extra sports and social aspects depend on their potential to attract maximized use of the facility. The LGAQ Guidelines (1996:105-6) suggest that community facilities be understood as a means to an end in terms of multiple purposes they serve in the community: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ providing focal points for community interaction, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ building community identity, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ providing places and resources for meetings, community organising and activities, strengthening relationships, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ building responsible, self-supportive and safe communities, and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Providing places and resources for delivery of services. 2.3 YOUTH FACILITY PLANNING FRAMEWORK FRAMEWORK à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ a structure composed of parts fitted and united together, designed to support or enclose something The Social Planning Guidelines for Queensland Local Government (LGAQ 1996:105) pushes the limitations of this definition by asserting that community facilities can also be taken to include areas of open space such as parks, gardens, playgrounds, recreation areas, sports fields and bush lands. [p105] However, having pushed the limits of the definition, the Social Planning Guidelines immediately revert to a discussion of buildings. International literature reveals that integral to developing a youth facility planning framework is a clear understanding of the nexus, linking youth policy, youth participation and youth planning. 2.4 YOUTH FACILITIES Developing clear access or inclusion programs to ensure the youth facility is integrated into existing community facilities. It builds on a vision of more effective, accessible services for youth. It also integrates an array of services including: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ health and health education; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ career counselling and job placement; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ education, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ the creative and physical arts; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ food services and nutrition counselling; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ prenatal care and services for adolescent parents, including nursery care; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ mental health counselling; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ substance abuse prevention and treatment services; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ legal counselling and representation; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ youth leadership training; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ information and referral services; and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ a variety of support services. Daly (2000:89-90) argues that the development of specific facilities requires project planning methodology According to Daly (2000:87) an approach to planning facilities is one that involves: Audit of existing facilities Future needs or opportunities analysis Classification of the facility types required at local, regional, state and international levels. 2.5 PLANNING OF YOUTH FACILITIES For the planning of youth facilities in particular, equity and social justice, rational distribution, integration, access, community development, location and collocation are identified as important. Several similar planning processes are considered. The significant insight offered by Daly (2000) is that a planning process at a regional or citywide level will involve a strategic planning process; but the planning of a specific facility requires a project planning methodology. 2.6 OBJECTIVES AND PRINCIPLES FOR FACILITY PLANNING Daly (2000:77-80) identifies six objectives for regional level facility planning these being 1. Equity and social justice 2. Rational distribution 3. Integration 4. Access 5. Future provision 6. Conservation and environmental sustainability For each, Daly (2000) articulates planning principles: 1. Equity and social justice Consideration for the needs of all sections of the community regardless of age, gender, ethnicity or ability. Principles: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Identify and set aside land to meet the needs of existing and future population à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Provide facilities and open spaces capable of being adapted to meet the changing needs of the community over time à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Maintain a balance of active and passive uses à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Provide open space of high amenity 2. Rational distribution (A hierarchical structure ensures state and metropolitan, regional and local facilities complement each other) Principles: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Local facilities provide a range of recreation and sports services à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Regional facilities provide a wide range of recreation and specialist sport facilities à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ State facilities have state significance and provide specialist facilities 3. Integration (Linkages with other community facilities, proximity to centres, and multiple use) Principles: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Encourage co-location in centres à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Encourage multiple use à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Proximity to education, shopping, office and community facilities à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Design to accommodate as many different uses as possible à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Provide for a range and combination of uses 4. Access (Access by public and private transport is maximized) Principles: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Ensure access by public, private and community transport à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Provide pedestrian and cycle linkages to residential areas à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Ensure facilities are designed to be accessible 5. Future provision (Adequate land is provided in appropriate locations) Principles: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Identify and set aside land to meet the needs of existing and future population à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Provide facilities and open spaces capable of being adapted to meet the changing needs of the community over time à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Maintain a balance of active and passive uses à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Provide open space of high amenity 6. Conservation and environmental sustainability (Designing and locating facilities should take into account conservation of the environment) Principles: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Environmentally suitable design à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Locate to minimise obtrusive effects on the living environment à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Orient facilities and spaces with appropriate landscaping à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Provide adequate lighting à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Use design features to design the edges of public spaces and give direction . 2.6 CLASSIFICATION OF YOUTH FACILITIES The Social Planning Guidelines for Queensland Local Government (1996:106-7) identify three types of community facilities according to their principal function: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ community activity centres where groups of people can meet and community activities can be conducted; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ community service centres from which a range of community services are provided; and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ special purpose centres where design and usage restricts use for other purposes. Uses the following typology: Community infrastructure is defined as community, cultural, sport and recreation facilities, as outlined below: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Sports: indoor and outdoor sports facilities, including courts, fields and centres à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Recreation: pedestrian and cycle pathways, public spaces, and facilities used for formal and informal recreation purposes à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Cultural: facility used for cultural purposes, including art gallery, library, theatre, cinema, museum, art/craft centres à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Community: facilities and services used for broad community purposes, including primary and high schools, University/TAFE, child care, church/religious centre, community and neighbourhood centre, community hall, hospital, medical/health centre, nursing home/aged care, caravan park, public housing, police station, and emergency services, key shopping centre/nodes. CHAPTER THREE METHODOLOGY Introduction As from the previous chapter the literature review has given me an overview and foundation by which to base my research. It is quite clear that there is limited research to facilities of a clubhouse compared to a comparison of existing clubhouses. Background of site The study area is in Negeri Sembilan one of the states in Malaysia. It covers an area of 6643 square km and its state capital is Seremban. The royal capital is Seri Menanti in the district of Kuala Pilah. Other important towns are Port Dickson, Nilai and Mantin. I will be focusing on Nilai, Seremban and Mantin in particular because these are the only towns that have clubhouses. Nilai is a rapidly growing town and is mostly occupied by students because of the surrounding universities. Mantin is another town in Negeri Sembilan and is under administration of Nilai District. It is along the main road connecting Seremban to Kajang. Seremban Was declared as a city and is the capital of Negeri Sembilan.it is situated about 30 km inland from the coast For the purpose of this research both qualitative research methods are to be used in order to answer the research questions and achieve the research objectives as stated in chapter one. The research is to be conducted in the area of negeri Sembilan in Malaysia. The methods used to gain qualitative ideas of clubhouse facilities will be Literature review Case studies Questionnaires Interviews I will place the methods in hierarchal order Literature review and case study will be gathered for guidelines and brainstorming. Interviews and questionnaires will be used for information gathering purposes. The purpose of my methodology would be to Detail the research collection method Explore community considerations on clubhouses Identify what facilities the youth need from a clubhouse Residents within Negeri Sembilan would be surveyed using questionnaires. Structed interviews will also be conducted with the relevant clubhouse owners, managers, residents and clubhouse users. The use of clubhouse questionnaires and interviews is made in a way that my research is easier and would help me relate with what the community also think of existing clubhouses. Methodology process I will take Finalize literature review Select case study Make questionnaire and interview questions Review and revise questionnaire Schedule survey and interview dates Conduct interviews and survey Compile and analyze results Report findings Develop recommendations CASE STUDY I will be concentrating on clubhouses in Negeri Sembilan Malaysia. The first case study will be Staffield clubhouse because it is one of the best clubhouses in Malaysia and number one in Negeri Sembilan The second will be Nilai Spring clubhouse then Seremban international clubhouse. nsemb60 FIG 3.1 MAP OF NEGERI SEMBILAN ANd9GcQ5703XNqJMGaUq6472hmQIDBHqTdpsnEL8JEtokV_ORYu2_o31Dg FIG3.2 NILAI SPRING CLUBHOUSE ANd9GcTAUVney1WF0O-QKq7b7osw0QTJKwShxQgL2m3A2AhxvyzE-8EU FIG3.3 SEREMBAN INTERNATIONAL CLUBHOUSE club FIG3.4 STAFFIELD CLUBHOUSE MANTIN These three clubhouse case studies will be for comparison purposes in terms of clubhouse facilities offered. Comparison Will compare several clubhouses with the intention to differentiate the facilities they offer. Comparative research is a flexible way of comparing things especially when I need to derive a sufficient distinguishing of facilities which are offered by clubhouses. QUESTIONNAIRE The content of the questionnaire was developed in accordance to the research questions and much attention paid to the research objectives. The questionnaire was designed to determine the level of satisfaction with the range and type of clubhouse facilities existing. INTERVIEWS This is a form of qualitative research, it will come in the form of structured interview questions that will result in a meaningful and helpful collection of data. This type of research is very essential, in order to gain an understanding of clubhouses and their facilities and as well as community interests when it comes to clubhouses around their area or that they attend to. Chapter four Bar Chart 1: Respondents Age Most of the respondents are of the age 22 and the rest are at a constant of either 18, 20 and 21-24years Bar Chart2: Respondents Gender 47.5% of the respondents where males 34.4% of the respondents where female Bar Chart3: Respondents who have visited a clubhouse or been a member 72% have visited or been a member of a clubhouse 28% have not visited or been a member of a clubhouse before Bar Chart3: Respondents who have clubhouses around their area Majority of the respondents have clubhouses around their area Bar Chart4: respondents on if the existing clubhouses accommodate for them Most of the respondents believe that clubhouses around their area do not accommodate for them. Whilst the rest think they are adequate. PieChart1: Respondents male or female Slightly more males participated in the survey than females PieChart1: Respondents male or female on them being interested in attending More females are interested in attending or being a member of a clubhouse Bar Chart5: respondents on the rating of existing clubhouse facilities The facilities in existing clubhouses are of low standards whereas the others are of average standards offered Facilities Responses Percent of Cases N Percent offered facilities in existing clubhousea resturant 33 19.5% 68.8% ballroom(events) 11 6.5% 22.9% library 14 8.3% 29.2% clinic 10 5.9% 20.8% exercise studio 19 11.2% 39.6% bar 17 10.1% 35.4% indoor sport 20 11.8% 41.7% music studio 14 8.3% 29.2% lounge 17 10.1% 35.4% outdoor sport 10 5.9% 20.8% dance studio 4 2.4% 8.3% Total 169 100.0% 352.1% Table 1: respondents on facilities offered Restaurants seem to be a popular facility offered in the existing clubhouses Swimming pool comes closely after restaurant followed by indoor Sport important Facilities Responses Percent of Cases N Percent important clubhouse facilities fitness centre 6 27.3% 46.2% indoor Sports area 2 9.1% 15.4% music and Dance 1 4.5% 7.7% computer and internet cafe 1 4.5% 7.7% library 1 4.5% 7.7% ballroom 2 9.1% 15.4% resturant 3 13.6% 23.1% bar 6 27.3% 46.2% Total 22 100.0% 169.2% Table2: respondents on important facilities The youth picked fitness centre and bar as an important facility for them in comparison with other facilities. Restaurants and indoor sport where also considered as important . Appropriate Facilities Responses Percent of Cases N Percent appropriate for the youtha artAndDesign 24 9.7% 48.0% outdoorSport 22 8.9% 44.0% music studio 29 11.7% 58.0% cooking room 21 8.5% 42.0% fitness beauty Centre 19 7.7% 38.0% lounge 21 8.5% 42.0% computer room 18 7.3% 36.0% drama,film,drama 16 6.5% 32.0% indoor sport 13 5.2% 26.0% library 13 5.2% 26.0% BBq n Grill 15 6.0% 30.0% resturant 12 4.8% 24.0% swimming pool 25 10.1% 50.0% Total 248 100.0% 496.0% . Table3 : respondents on appropriate facilities The appropriate and engaging facilities the youth area most interested in are Music studio with 58.% Swimming pool with 50% Art and design with 48% Outdoor sport with 44% Cooking room and lounge seem to be of the same percentage of interest with in most cases 42% These are the five youth facilities the youth find interesting to them. INTERVIEW WITH CLUB MANAGERS ON EXISTING CLUBHOUSES Nilai Clubhouse Seremaban Clubhouse Mantin Clubhouse Existing clubhouses that offer facilities Responses Percent of Cases N Percent existing clubhouses existing clubhouses 1 33.3% 50.0%