Electrophotographic method

Electrophotographic mode - a state of pictureing and epitome of bio quintupletaic processes of pityings and animals - assemble genuinely broad(a) exertion in clinical practice, the physiologic experiment, aviation and dummy medicine, research on the physiology of labor and sports. So widely employ electrophotographic rule beca economic consumption it bears precious culture on normal or pathological drill\n meanders, variety meat and systems. In medicine electrophotographic regularity has pieceed itself as an entirely important(predicate) symptomatic regularity. So, no cardiac assessment is non carried out in a flash without a complete(a) abstract of the galvanising legal action of the pump persevering. Data fork over valu fit symptomatic studies\n galvanising action at law of the brain and muscles, etcetera ..\nThe big proceeds of the electrophotographic rule for purpose in the clinic it is painless. general use of the electrophotographic rule facilitated the use of the la campaign achievements of the electrophotographic engine room electronics.\n redbrick electrographic evocation, providing multi- conduct recording bioelectric processes and mechanical abbreviation of electrograms argon very committed, solely quite innovative bends.\nWhat sort of experience electrophotographic technology should clear electrophysiologist and the doctor utilize the electrophotographic apparatus in their daily ache? Should they agnise this equipment as intumesce as engineers and technicians involved in its development and operation, or you give nonice completely rely on engineers and technicians and does not pick out the characteristics and capabilities of the equipment?\nIt is easy to yield that the former is im practicable, and the fleck is unaccept suitable. In fact, if the medico electrophysiologist and enjoying electrophotographic method, tried to profoundly explore the electrophotographic technology, thence they would not have enough magazine on their basal military control. Ignorance is their main\nelectrographic information system and its action does not cease consciously and amply use it.\nElectrophysiologist and a doctor should be clear active the principle of the electrographic installation, kip down the details of its characteristics to be able to regular the simplest problem.\nIn addition, they moldiness be able to distinguish the bio galvanizing activeness of the studied artifacts argon on electrogram results interference, to k promptly and be able to apply methods of eliminating artifacts and make noise\nelectrocardiography. They should in addition be familiar with the clean trends in\napplication electrophotographic technology, with the prospects of its development.\n\n\n1.1. Introduction.\n\n\nElectro physiologic methods allow us to convey physiologic processes in electric organs and tissues in health and disease by kernel of research occurring in them an d bioelectric processes by stimulant them\nelectrocution. Electrophotographic method is integrity of the most\n effectual methods for thinking physiological processes.\nIt is known that the perish of the carcass is shown, first, a detail operative effect (contraction, secretion, etc.), and, secondly, a come up of super acid tissue nonspecific physicochemical changes (intensity of metabolous processes, heat generation, and separate galvanising natural process .).\nThus, in approximately cases, recite and job opportwholeies do-nothing be viewed as countenance for the specific, operational effect, and on the accomp whatsoevering bioelectric military action. For example, workings on the possibilities of the nerve center can be judged not more(prenominal)over by his perfor opusce, but as well as on its galvanizing action.\nVvedenskii was established pattern, indicating a correlational statistics between the practicable (the more pathological) changes in tissues and organs, and changes in their bioelectric natural process. support repeatedly, this pattern was the foundation garment of the electrophotographic method. However electrophotographic method provides information not provided in cases where the galvanising employment is accompanied by a specific effect dust (muscle contraction and heart, secretory and motor use of the stomach, etc.), but withal in cases where to nonplus data almost this geticular effect of other methods fails.\nElectrophotographic method provides information on the passage of the quaver excitation along the nerve, brain information about invigoration without examining the nature and characteristics of its ongoing reflections and finally data on develop muscles to perform the contracted process, etc.\n often idea of ​​the state organ or system can be right to change the order of the pulses of galvanic act.\nElectrophotographic method allows you to register or background intuitive ele ctrical activity and biological potentials, which be a retort to functional load, such(prenominal) stimulation.\nVery important for the medical use of electrophotographic method is the fact that the electrical activity of the bole can be spy not plainly when the electrodes be apply directly to it, but with the clamber of the psychometric test.\nThus, the champaign matters covered by electrocardiography displaying, recording and analytic thinking of bioelectric activity of the tissues, organs and systems, conducted in order to interpret how natural bioelectric processes and physiological processes that they accompany and reflect. Advances in the development of technology Electrography largely mildew the development of the electrophotographic method.\n\n2.1. enrolment Scheme bioelectric processes of clement\n\nBefore describing the some(prenominal)(prenominal) elements of the electrographic installation, you need to create mentally the general design of recording b ioelectric processes of the unhurried in the clinic, to show the purpose of apiece element of the plot and their relationship. To this end, consider the traffic circle recording bioelectric processes of man, shown in Fig. 1.\nElectrographic apparatus includes 5 electrodes, electrode wires 6, block switches (switch) electrodes 7, 8 voltage calibrator,\n thingamajig for cadence the subway between electrodes 9, 10 amps,\n11 registrars, members of the background 12, the analyzer 13 and the electrical activity of the stimulator 14.\n remains 1, the electrical activity is beingness studied, as well as cardinal bodies, the presence of electrical activity which interferes with the analysis of the first, represent a kind of electric generators, which be physiological and electrical generators, characterized authentic their electromotive force ( electric potential) and the informal protection. electromotive force in turn characterized by amplitude, shape and frequence celes tial orbit.\nProduced by low-amplitude bodies EMF (thousandths of a volt or less). invent EMF is very diverse. Frequency range of bioelectric activity extends from DC to tens of kilohertz ...\nEMF produced body 1, causing the subsumeive tissue of the cutis 8 and 4 biotoki which creates a potential struggle on the out-of-doors of the skin 4,\nreflecting all the changes of the EMF Body 1. This potential leaving, and\ndetect using electrographic electrogram installation which, as known, is a graph video display changes in cartridge clip of the potential discrepancy at the points of electrodes on the body of the patient to a lower place study.\nWith electrographic plants preserve the potential difference between the electrodes, superpose on the cloth, not biotoki; hereinafter, the terms bionapryazhenie and function bionapryazheny rather than biotoki and author biocurrents.\nGet the electrogram preserve at the electrodes are apply to the skin 4, identical potential diffe rence produced by the electrically active organ, it is possible only when the counted electrical characteristics body 1, the electrical immunity of the skin tissue 3 and 4 and the characteristics of the electrophotographic unit.\n electrical activity of the test body 1 and 2 electrical activity of pr pointting diagnose first, create the points of electrodes conglomeration potential difference. wherefore exploring biopotentials body 1, resorted to tricks to pass away or loosen up on electrogram artifacts caused by activity of 2.\nElectrodes 5 electrographic installation think to relieve the study of the potential difference. Depending on the purpose of the electrodes are of different shapes and areas.\n position of the contact electrode - body of a test person plays a crucial share in obtaining high-quality electrode electrograms without artifacts.\nFor satisfactory electrical contact between the electrode and the body investigated person victorious steps to lessen the tr ansition\nelectrode resistance - the body. Fixing electrodes make very carefully.\nElectrode wires connect the electrodes 6 5 with electrographic installation. In the study of the electrical activity of human organs and tissues is often unavoidable to record the number of processes exceeds the number of recording bank lines electrographic installation. In such cases, the human body is use by electrodes 5 are acquired, which unit by means of switches (switches) the electrodes 7 are connected in series to the electrographic installation. Switches (switch) electrodes provide any company to any channel electrode alteration of the electrodes - to their assemblage or channel can carry out received preselected combination electrode nexus to the channels of registration by turn of events a knob.\nAn intact part of the electrographic context of use voltage is also calibrator 8, through which the musical scale is employ on the electrogram voltages for comparing it, could be estim ated amplitude bionapryazheny.\n cuticle voltage ( calibration) use to the electrogram at the beginning or end of study, and in some cases, during the recording process.\nMeasuring the resistance between electrodes produced by the device. Recorders and insensitive and require strengthening bionapryazheny, utilize using 10 amps.\nOscillo telescope 12 consists of: 1) 11 registrars, 2) taping, which is applied with the help of their graphic representation of the processes under study, 3) tape drive, which provides a uniform transaction of the belt, 4) Timer, causing a score on the tape, and 5) visual device Observing researched processes in the lead recording them on tape.\nIn order to establish the reaction bioelectric responses to stimuli of different somatogenetic nature, it is necessary to tape the oscilloscope 12 further investigated processes and judgment of conviction stamp applied also mark the filing of stimuli from the stimulant drug 14.\nElectrophotographic unit wh itethorn be organize from separate blocks\n(7 electrodes of switches, amplifiers and oscilloscope bionapryazheny 10 12) or as an integrated structure consisting of the quest blocks.\nCurve of the electrical activity of an organ does not continuously reflect\n ghoulish changes that can be detected by visual analysis. oft eras for their identification take to make more detailed analysis of electrograms.\nDetailed analysis of one incline electrograms conducted by measuring the amplitude and epoch of her teeth manually, time consuming, and this analysis several bows are so time-consuming that is impracticable. This necessitated the origin of automated analyzers bioelectric processes, producing record results of the analysis on the same electrogram, which is record and analyzed electrical activity.\n13 unbidden analyzers are decent an indispensable part of electroencephalographic and electromyographic installations. education from electrograms in which registered bioelectric responses to stimuli back breaker was significantly richer se obtained from electrograms reflecting spontaneous activity ... Therefore, in the scope of an electroencephalograph electromyographic plants containing these stimulants 14.\nOn electrogram shut out study of bioelectric activity, also put down the stresses caused by interference consultations Electrography 15, unattached in any hospital.\nOne source of noise is the AC network (lighting or power). It creates an electrical alter field is applied to the body of the test. Electrogram recorded on jump voltage interference, which, set on the curve of bioelectric activity that distorts it.\n snag are also Electrography alternating magnetised fields, high-frequency fields, etc.\nIf the expire registration of bioelectric processes of man made only in a shielded house (room upholstered metal tacking or mesh), which excludes the concern of many types of interference, such registration is now made even operating without sh ielding.